Michigan State University, 105 Im Sport Circle, East Lansing, MI 48824-1049, USA.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010 Jun;81(6):597-601. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2009.193797.
The purpose of this study was to examine, using a dose-response model, sex differences in computerised neurocognitive performance among athletes with a history of multiple concussions.
Retrospective with randomly selected concussion cases from four levels/numbers of previous concussion.
Multicentre analysis of NCAA student-athletes.
Subjects included a total of 100 male and 88 female NCAA athletes.
Sex and four mutually exclusive groups of self-reported concussion history: (1) no history of concussion, (2) one previous concussion, (3) two previous concussions, (4) three or more previous concussions.
Neurocognitive performance as measured by a computerised neurocognitive test battery (Immediate Postconcussion Assessment Cognitive Testing (ImPACT)).
A dose-response gradient was found for two or more previous concussions and decreased neurocognitive performance. Females with a history of two and three or more concussions performed better than males with a history of two (p=0.001) and three or more concussions (p=0.012) on verbal memory. Females performed better than males with a history of three or more concussions (p=0.021) on visual memory. Finally, there was a significant difference for sex on both motor processing speed and reaction-time composite scores. Specifically, males performed worse than females on both processing speed (p=0.029) and reaction time (p=0.04).
The current study provided partial support for a dose-response model of concussion and neurocognitive performance decrements beginning at two or more previous concussions. Sex differences should be considered when examining the effects of concussion history on computerised neurocognitive performance.
本研究旨在使用剂量-反应模型，检查有多次脑震荡史的运动员的计算机神经认知表现中的性别差异。
从四级/多次脑震荡中随机选择脑震荡病例的回顾性研究。
NCAA 学生运动员的多中心分析。
共有 100 名男性和 88 名女性 NCAA 运动员参加了研究。
性别和四个互斥的自我报告脑震荡史组：（1）无脑震荡史，（2）一次脑震荡，（3）两次脑震荡，（4）三次或更多次脑震荡。
计算机神经认知测试（即时脑震荡后认知评估测试（ImPACT））测量的神经认知表现。
发现有两个或更多次脑震荡史与神经认知表现下降之间存在剂量-反应梯度。有两次或更多次脑震荡史的女性在言语记忆方面的表现优于有两次脑震荡史的男性（p=0.001）和三次或更多次脑震荡史的男性（p=0.012）。女性在视觉记忆方面的表现优于有三次或更多次脑震荡史的男性（p=0.021）。最后，在运动处理速度和反应时间综合评分方面，性别存在显著差异。具体来说，男性在处理速度（p=0.029）和反应时间（p=0.04）方面的表现均差于女性。
本研究为脑震荡和神经认知表现下降的剂量-反应模型提供了部分支持，该模型始于两次或更多次脑震荡。在检查脑震荡史对计算机神经认知表现的影响时，应考虑性别差异。
