Covassin Tracey, Stearne David, Elbin Robert
Michigan State University, Department of Kinesiology, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
J Athl Train. 2008 Apr-Jun;43(2):119-24. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-43.2.119.
Athletes are at an inherent risk for sustaining concussions. Research examining the long-term consequences of sport-related concussion has been inconsistent in demonstrating lingering neurocognitive decrements that may be associated with a previous history of concussion.
To determine the relationship between concussion history and postconcussion neurocognitive performance and symptoms in collegiate athletes.
Repeated-measures design.
Multi-center analysis of collegiate athletes.
Fifty-seven concussed collegiate athletes (36 without concussion history, 21 with a history of 2 or more concussions).
INTERVENTION(S): All subjects were administered an Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) neurocognitive test battery, which measures verbal memory, visual memory, reaction time, and visual processing speed and 22 concussion symptoms.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Subjects who sustained a concussion were administered 2 follow-up tests at days 1 and 5 postinjury. Independent variables were history of concussion (no history of concussion, 2 or more concussions) and time (baseline, day 1 postconcussion, or day 5 postconcussion).
A within-subjects effect (time) on ImPACT performance (P < .001), a between-subjects multivariate effect of group (P < .001), and a group-by-time interaction (P = .034) were noted. Athletes with a concussion history performed significantly worse on verbal memory (P = .01) and reaction time (P = .023) at day 5 postconcussion compared with athletes who did not report a previous concussion. No significant group differences were seen at day 5 postinjury on visual memory (P = .167), processing speed (P = .179), or total concussion symptoms (P = .87).
Concussed collegiate athletes with a history of 2 or more concussions took longer to recover verbal memory and reaction time than athletes without a history of concussion.
运动员遭受脑震荡的风险与生俱来。研究运动相关脑震荡的长期后果时，在证明可能与既往脑震荡病史相关的持续性神经认知功能减退方面，结果并不一致。
确定大学运动员脑震荡病史与脑震荡后神经认知表现及症状之间的关系。
重复测量设计。
对大学运动员进行多中心分析。
57名发生脑震荡的大学运动员（36名无脑震荡病史，21名有2次或更多次脑震荡病史）。
所有受试者均接受了脑震荡后即刻评估和认知测试（ImPACT）神经认知测试组，该测试组测量言语记忆、视觉记忆、反应时间、视觉处理速度以及22种脑震荡症状。
发生脑震荡的受试者在受伤后第1天和第5天接受2次随访测试。自变量为脑震荡病史（无脑震荡病史、2次或更多次脑震荡）和时间（基线、脑震荡后第1天或脑震荡后第5天）。
观察到受试者内效应（时间）对ImPACT表现有影响（P < .001），组间多变量效应（P < .001），以及组×时间交互作用（P = .034）。与未报告既往脑震荡的运动员相比，有脑震荡病史的运动员在脑震荡后第5天的言语记忆（P = .01）和反应时间（P = .023）表现明显更差。受伤后第5天，在视觉记忆（P = .167）、处理速度（P = .179）或脑震荡症状总数（P = .87）方面，未观察到显著的组间差异。
有2次或更多次脑震荡病史的脑震荡大学运动员，在言语记忆和反应时间方面的恢复时间比无脑震荡病史的运动员更长。
