Prosthodontic and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Implant Dent. 2010 Jun;19(3):196-207. doi: 10.1097/ID.0b013e3181d46903.
The aim of this study was to present all the relevant studies that have evaluated, with valid scientific methodology, the possible physical and nutrient intake improvement of edentulous subjects rehabilitated with removable and supported or retained implant denture, without restriction of suprastructure modalities, compared with those wearing conventional removable dentures.
Several electronic databases (Pubmed, Medline-Medline In-Process, Cochrane Library Database, Embase, and Lilacs) were searched, without language limitation. References from the selected articles were also hand searched. Abstracts which appeared to fulfill the initial selection criteria (comparison of nutritional state between conventional removable and supported or retained implant denture wearers) were selected by consensus and their original articles were then retrieved. Clinical trials that included anthropometric measurements or nutrient intake in removable and supported or retained implant denture wearers without syndrome and systemic influences, nor presenting surgical or other simultaneous treatment, which could affect the integrity during the evaluation period were finally selected.
Only 5 articles met the selection criteria. Two studies (randomized clinical trials and prospective) found inadequate nutrient intake after treatment. One randomized clinical trial presented an improvement in nutritional state after treatment. One cross-sectional study showed an adequate nutritional state before and after treatment. These 4 studies found no significant difference between implant and conventional treatments. Finally, 1 cross-sectional study presented a difference between treatments, showing that the risk of malnutrition was higher for removable complete denture wearers.
Considering the available evidence, the effect on the nutritional state in edentulous subjects treated with implant therapy is similar to the 1 obtained with conventional removable dentures. This effect does not necessarily mean an optimum nutritional state, which also depends on other factors not related to prosthodontic treatment.
本研究旨在展示所有评估无牙颌患者使用可摘式支持或保留式种植义齿修复与传统可摘义齿修复后可能的身体和营养摄入改善的相关研究，这些研究采用了有效的科学方法，且不限制修复体的结构类型。
我们无语言限制地检索了多个电子数据库（Pubmed、Medline-Medline In-Process、Cochrane Library Database、Embase 和 Lilacs）。我们还通过手检对选定文章的参考文献进行了搜索。根据最初的选择标准（比较传统可摘义齿和支持或保留式种植义齿佩戴者的营养状况），我们通过共识选择了看似符合要求的摘要，并检索了其原始文章。最终入选的是在无综合征和系统性影响，且不伴有手术或其他同期治疗的情况下，对可摘式支持或保留式种植义齿佩戴者进行了人体测量或营养摄入评估的临床试验，这些治疗不会影响评估期间的义齿完整性。
只有 5 篇文章符合选择标准。其中 2 项研究（随机临床试验和前瞻性研究）发现治疗后营养摄入不足。1 项随机临床试验在治疗后发现营养状况改善。1 项横断面研究显示治疗前后的营养状况良好。这 4 项研究发现种植治疗与传统治疗之间没有显著差异。最后，1 项横断面研究显示治疗之间存在差异，表明可摘式全口义齿佩戴者发生营养不良的风险更高。
考虑到现有证据，种植治疗对无牙颌患者营养状况的影响与传统可摘义齿相似。这种效果并不一定意味着达到了最佳的营养状态，因为这还取决于与修复治疗无关的其他因素。
