Repp Bruno H, Jendoubi Haitham
Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut.
Adv Cogn Psychol. 2009 Apr 27;5:27-41. doi: 10.2478/v10053-008-0063-7.
When tapping in synchrony with an isochronous sequence of beats, participants respond automatically to an unexpectedly early or late beat by shifting their next tap; this is termed the phase correction response (PCR). A PCR has also been observed in response to unexpected perturbations of metrical subdivisions of a beat, which suggests that participants have temporal expectancies for subdivisions to occur at particular time points. It has been demonstrated that a latent temporal expectancy at 1/2 of the inter-beat interval (IBI) exists even in the absence of explicit duple subdivision in previous IBIs of a sequence. The present study asked whether latent expectancies at 1/3 and 2/3 of the IBI can be induced by a global experimental context of triple subdivision, and whether a local context of consistently phase-shifted triple subdivisions can induce different expectancies. Using the PCR as the dependent variable, we find weak evidence for latent expectancies but strong evidence for context-induced shifts in expectancies. These results suggest that temporal referents between beats, which typically are linked to simple ratios of time spans, are flexible and context-dependent. In addition, we show that the PCR, a response to expectancy violation, is independent of and sometimes contrary to the simultaneous phase adaptation required by a change in subdivision timing.
当与等时的节拍序列同步敲击时，参与者会通过改变下一次敲击来自动对意外提前或延迟的节拍做出反应；这被称为相位校正反应（PCR）。在对节拍的节拍细分的意外扰动做出反应时也观察到了PCR，这表明参与者对细分在特定时间点发生有时间预期。已经证明，即使在序列的先前节拍间隔（IBI）中没有明确的二拍细分，在IBI的1/2处也存在潜在的时间预期。本研究询问，IBI的1/3和2/3处的潜在预期是否可以由三拍细分的全局实验背景诱导，以及一致相移的三拍细分的局部背景是否可以诱导不同的预期。以PCR作为因变量，我们发现有微弱证据支持潜在预期，但有强有力的证据支持背景诱导的预期变化。这些结果表明，节拍之间的时间参考通常与时间跨度的简单比率相关，是灵活且依赖于背景的。此外，我们表明，PCR是对预期违反的一种反应，它独立于细分时间变化所需的同时相位适应，有时甚至与之相反。
