Ali Anwar, Naseem Muhammad, Khan Taj Muhammad
Department of Pathology, Saidu Medical College/Teaching Hospital, Swat, Pakistan.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2009 Apr-Jun;21(2):148-50.
Oesophageal carcinoma is the leading cause of death from cancers. Most of the oesophageal carcinomas are either squamous cell carcinomas or adeno-carcinomas. The cervical oesophagus is an uncommon site of the disease. There is an increase of 15-20 percent mortality rate over the past two to three decades, during which time the histologic pattern of the disease has also changed significantly.
The objective of this study was to see the incidence of oesophageal carcinoma in different sex and age groups, in the northern areas of Pakistan.
This was a retrospective study over a period of 7 years which was designed to assess age and sex incidence for oesophageal carcinoma in northern areas of Pakistan. A total of 69 already diagnosed carcinomas of the oesophagus were included in the study, all these cases were from Malakand Division of northern Pakistan. All specimens were stained and examined microscopy. The demography of the disease and type of carcinoma were evaluated.
Out of 69 diagnosed cases of oesophageal carcinomas, squamous cell carcinoma was the found in 64 (92.5%) while adenocarcinoma was seen in 5 (7.5%) cases. Out of 64 squamous cell carcinomas, moderately differentiated carcinomas were the most common 34 (49.2%).
Most of the oesophageal carcinomas were squamous cell carcinomas and were mostly biopsied from the lower 1/3rd of the oesophagus. The mean age of patients was 42 years in males (M) and 53 years in females (F). F:M was 1:3. All patient presented in advanced stage with dysphagic symptoms. No in situ or mucosal carcinoma was identified in this study. Radiological assessment also showed late stages of the disease.
食管癌是癌症致死的主要原因。大多数食管癌为鳞状细胞癌或腺癌。食管颈段是该病的少见发病部位。在过去二三十年中，死亡率上升了15%至20%，在此期间该病的组织学模式也发生了显著变化。
本研究的目的是了解巴基斯坦北部地区不同性别和年龄组食管癌的发病率。
这是一项为期7年的回顾性研究，旨在评估巴基斯坦北部地区食管癌的年龄和性别发病率。本研究共纳入69例已确诊的食管癌病例，所有病例均来自巴基斯坦北部的马拉坎德专区。所有标本均进行染色并显微镜检查。评估了疾病的人口统计学特征和癌症类型。
在69例确诊的食管癌病例中，64例（92.5%）为鳞状细胞癌，5例（7.5%）为腺癌。在64例鳞状细胞癌中，中分化癌最为常见，有34例（49.2%）。
大多数食管癌为鳞状细胞癌，且大多取自食管下1/3处活检。男性患者的平均年龄为42岁，女性患者为53岁。女性与男性比例为1:3。所有患者均表现为晚期吞咽困难症状。本研究未发现原位癌或黏膜癌。影像学评估也显示疾病处于晚期。
