College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010 Jul;19(7):1251-62. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1854.
This study estimated the prevalence of twenty-two 12-month and lifetime psychiatric disorders in a sample of 744 low-income pregnant women and the frequency that women with psychiatric disorders received treatment.
To identify psychiatric disorders, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) was administered to Medicaid or Medicaid-eligible pregnant women enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). The sample was stratified by the rural or urban location of the WIC sites in southeastern Missouri and the city of St. Louis. Eligible women were enrolled at each site until their numbers were proportional to the racial distribution of African American and Caucasian pregnant women served there.
The 12-month prevalence of one or more psychiatric disorders was 30.9%. Most common were affective disorders (13.6%), particularly major depressive disorder (8.2%) and bipolar I disorder (5.2%). Only 24.3% of those with a psychiatric disorder reported that they received treatment in the past year. Lifetime prevalence of at least one disorder was 45.6%, with affective disorders being the most frequent (23.5%). Caucasian women were more likely than African Americans to have at least one 12-month disorder, with the difference largely accounted for by nicotine dependence. Higher prevalence of lifetime disorders was also found in Caucasian women, particularly affective disorders and substance use disorders. There were no differences in the prevalence of 12-month or lifetime psychiatric disorders by the urban or rural residence of subjects.
With nearly one third of pregnant women meeting criteria for a 12-month psychiatric disorder and only one fourth receiving any type of mental health treatment, comprehensive psychiatric screening during pregnancy is needed along with appropriate treatment.
本研究旨在评估 744 名低收入孕妇样本中 22 种 12 个月和终身精神障碍的患病率，以及患有精神障碍的女性接受治疗的频率。
为了确定精神障碍，对参加特殊补充营养计划妇女、婴儿和儿童（WIC）的医疗补助或有资格获得医疗补助的孕妇使用诊断访谈表（DIS）进行了评估。该样本按密苏里州东南部和圣路易斯市 WIC 地点的农村或城市位置进行分层。符合条件的妇女在每个地点登记，直到她们的人数与那里服务的非裔美国人和白种人孕妇的种族分布成比例。
12 个月精神障碍的患病率为 30.9%。最常见的是情感障碍（13.6%），特别是重度抑郁症（8.2%）和双相情感障碍 I 型（5.2%）。只有 24.3%的精神障碍患者报告在过去一年中接受过治疗。至少有一种障碍的终身患病率为 45.6%，情感障碍最常见（23.5%）。白种女性比非裔美国女性更有可能在 12 个月内至少有一种障碍，这种差异主要归因于尼古丁依赖。白种女性也发现终身障碍的患病率更高，特别是情感障碍和物质使用障碍。受试者的城市或农村居住地对 12 个月或终身精神障碍的患病率没有差异。
近三分之一的孕妇符合 12 个月精神障碍的标准，只有四分之一的孕妇接受任何类型的心理健康治疗，因此需要在怀孕期间进行全面的精神疾病筛查，并提供适当的治疗。
