Sánchez-Carpintero I, Candelas D, Ruiz-Rodríguez R
Clínica Rúber, Madrid, España.
Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2010 Jun;101(5):381-93. doi: 10.1016/s1578-2190(10)70660-0.
There are many types of dermal fillers currently used for cosmetic and medical indications in routine clinical practice. Fillers can be classified as temporary, semipermanent, or permanent depending on the length of time the substance remains in tissue. They can also be classified by the composition of the product. Materials can be based on collagen (bovine, porcine, and human), hyaluronic acid, poly-L-lactic acid, calcium hydroxylapatite, polymethal methacrylates, and polyacrylamide gels, among others. Temporary fillers are the products most often used for cosmetic purposes, in particular hyaluronic acid. This is due to the ease of application of fillers based on this substance, the good results obtained, and their safety profile. This review presents an overview of the techniques used for the correct placement of dermal fillers and the most common clinical indications for these procedures. It also covers the nature, properties, and mechanisms of action of the principal temporary, semipermanent, and permanent dermal fillers as well as the indications for each type of material. Finally, we describe the most common complications encountered and their treatment.
目前在常规临床实践中，有多种类型的真皮填充剂用于美容和医学适应症。根据物质在组织中留存的时间长短，填充剂可分为临时性、半永久性或永久性。它们也可根据产品的成分进行分类。材料可以基于胶原蛋白（牛、猪和人源）、透明质酸、聚左旋乳酸、羟基磷灰石钙、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯以及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等。临时性填充剂是最常用于美容目的的产品，尤其是透明质酸。这是因为基于这种物质的填充剂易于应用、效果良好且安全性高。本综述概述了用于正确注射真皮填充剂的技术以及这些操作最常见的临床适应症。它还涵盖了主要临时性、半永久性和永久性真皮填充剂的性质、特性和作用机制以及每种材料的适应症。最后，我们描述了最常见的并发症及其治疗方法。
