Porfeli Erik J, Mortimer Jeylan T
Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine.
J Vocat Behav. 2010 Jun 1;76(3):507-519. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2010.01.004.
Previous research suggests that discrepancies between work values and rewards are indicators of dissonance that induce change in both to reduce such dissonance over time. The present study elaborates this model to suggest parallels with the first phase of the extension- and-strain curve. Small discrepancies or small increases in extension are presumed to be almost unnoticeable, while increasingly large discrepancies are thought to yield exponentially increasing strain. Work satisfaction is a principal outcome of dissonance; hence, work value-reward discrepancies are predicted to diminish work satisfaction in an exponential fashion. Findings from the work and family literature, however, lead to the prediction that this curvilinear association will be moderated by gender and family roles. Using longitudinal data spanning the third decade of life, the results suggest that intrinsic work value-reward discrepancies, as predicted, are increasingly associated, in a negative curvilinear fashion, with work satisfaction. This pattern, however, differs as a function of gender and family roles. Females who established family roles exhibited the expected pattern while other gender by family status groups did not. The results suggest that gender and family roles moderate the association between intrinsic work value-reward dissonance and satisfaction. In addition, women who remained unmarried and childless exhibited the strongest associations between occupational rewards and satisfaction.
先前的研究表明，工作价值观与回报之间的差异是失调的指标，这种失调会促使两者都发生变化，以随着时间的推移减少这种失调。本研究对该模型进行了详细阐述，提出了与延伸和应变曲线第一阶段的相似之处。小的差异或延伸的小幅度增加被认为几乎难以察觉，而越来越大的差异则被认为会产生呈指数级增长的应变。工作满意度是失调的一个主要结果；因此，工作价值观与回报的差异预计会以指数方式降低工作满意度。然而，工作与家庭文献的研究结果表明，这种曲线关系将受到性别和家庭角色的调节。利用跨越人生第三个十年的纵向数据，结果表明，正如预测的那样，内在工作价值观与回报的差异以负曲线方式与工作满意度越来越相关。然而，这种模式因性别和家庭角色而异。确立了家庭角色的女性呈现出预期的模式，而其他性别与家庭状况组则没有。结果表明，性别和家庭角色调节了内在工作价值观与回报失调和满意度之间的关系。此外，未婚且无子女的女性在职业回报与满意度之间表现出最强的关联。
