Gleadall Ian G, Guerrero-Kommritz Juergen, Hochberg Frederick G, Laptikhovsky Vladimir V
Falkland Islands Government Fisheries Department, PO Box 598, Stanley FIOQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands.
Zoolog Sci. 2010 Jun;27(6):528-53. doi: 10.2108/zsj.27.528.
Three inkless octopodids are described from the continental shelf off southeastern South America. These octopuses are a non-commercial by-catch in the Falkland Islands fishery. Muusoctopus eureka (Robson, 1929) is one of two common inkless octopuses and is of medium size, with orange-pink skin and a distinctive pattern of irregular dark markings, interspersed with white spots visible only in living or freshly dead specimens. The second common inkless octopus is M. longibrachus akambei, a new subspecies of the Chilean species Muusoctopus longibrachus ( Ibáñez, Sepúlveda and Chong, 2006 ). It has slender arms and is much larger at full maturity than M. eureka. It is a plain orange color when alive, pinkish cream when preserved. Muusoctopus bizikovi, sp. nov., is a smaller, rarer species, colored wine-red whether alive or preserved, and has a vestigial ink duct between the digestive gland and the anus. Relations with other species are discussed. This group of octopuses has often been associated with the genus Benthoctopus Grimpe, 1921 , which is a junior synonym of Bathypolypus Grimpe (a genus of small species characterized by much shorter arms and males with a robust copulatory organ bearing transverse lamellae). It is argued that the misleading characterization of the so-called Benthoctopus group of species as "smooth skinned" is based upon the artefactual appearance of specimens fixed and preserved suboptimally following a detrimental freeze-thaw cycle of fisheries material previously frozen while at sea.
在南美洲东南部大陆架发现了三种无墨章鱼。这些章鱼是福克兰群岛渔业中的非商业性兼捕渔获物。尤里卡穆氏章鱼（Muusoctopus eureka，罗布森，1929年）是两种常见的无墨章鱼之一，体型中等，皮肤呈橙粉色，有独特的不规则深色斑纹图案，其间散布着仅在活体或刚死亡标本中可见的白色斑点。另一种常见的无墨章鱼是长腕穆氏章鱼阿卡姆贝亚种（M. longibrachus akambei），它是智利长腕穆氏章鱼（伊瓦涅斯、塞普尔韦达和崇，2006年）的一个新亚种。它的腕臂细长，完全成熟时比尤里卡穆氏章鱼大得多。活着时呈纯橙色，保存后呈粉米色。新物种比齐科维穆氏章鱼（Muusoctopus bizikovi）体型较小，较为罕见，无论活着还是保存后均呈酒红色，在消化腺和肛门之间有一个退化的墨囊。文中还讨论了与其他物种的关系。这组章鱼常与1921年的深海章鱼属（Benthoctopus Grimpe）相关联，而深海章鱼属是深海多足章鱼属（Bathypolypus Grimpe）的次异名（深海多足章鱼属是一类小型物种，其特征是腕臂短得多，雄性有一个带有横向薄片的强壮交配器官）。有人认为，将所谓的深海章鱼属物种错误地描述为“皮肤光滑”是基于渔业材料在海上冷冻后经历有害的冻融循环，固定和保存不佳的标本呈现出的人为外观。
