McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA.
Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Nov;16(11):3309-17. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEA.2010.0169. Epub 2010 Aug 1.
The prevailing dogma in tissue engineering is cell-centric. One shortcoming of this approach is the failure to provide the implanted cells with a suitable in vivo microenvironment that promotes tissue reconstruction. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-based scaffolds provide a three-dimensional microenvironment that can promote constructive and functional tissue remodeling rather than inflammation and scarring even in the absence of any implanted cells. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of an ECM-based scaffold to facilitate functional restoration of the distal gastrocnemius musculotendinous junction in a canine model after complete resection of the tissue. Within 6 months, vascularized, innervated skeletal muscle that was similar to normal muscle tissue had formed at the ECM-scaffold implantation site. This neo-tissue generated 48% of the contractile force of contralateral musculotendinous junction and represents the first report of de novo formation of contractile, vascularized, and innervated skeletal muscle in situ after significant tissue loss.
组织工程学的主流观点是细胞中心论。这种方法的一个缺点是，未能为植入细胞提供合适的体内微环境，以促进组织重建。基于细胞外基质 (ECM) 的支架提供了一个三维微环境，即使在没有任何植入细胞的情况下，也可以促进建设性和功能性的组织重塑，而不是炎症和瘢痕形成。本研究的目的是确定基于 ECM 的支架在犬模型中完全切除组织后，促进远端比目鱼肌肌腱结合部功能恢复的能力。在 6 个月内，在 ECM 支架植入部位形成了有血管和神经支配的类似于正常肌肉组织的血管化骨骼肌。这种新组织产生了对侧肌腱结合部 48%的收缩力，这是首次报道在大量组织缺失后，原位形成有收缩、有血管和有神经支配的可收缩骨骼肌。
