Academic Unit of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS97TF, UK.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Aug;32(4):573-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04386.x. Epub 2010 Jun 4.
The only therapy for coeliac disease (CD) is a long-term gluten-free diet (GFD). Little is known about the detailed composition of such a diet.
To clarify the nutritional composition of a GFD and to compare it with a non-GFD diet in representative non-CD populations.
A total of 139 consecutive patients with CD were invited to fill in a prospective validated 5-day food diary, of whom data from 93 were analysed. Results were compared with data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of Adults and the UK Women's Cohort Study (UKWCS).
Individuals consuming a strict GFD generally had similar intakes of energy and nutrients to those of comparison populations, but a higher proportion of carbohydrate intake was obtained from nonmilk extrinsic sugars and intakes of nonstarch polysaccharides were low. Compared with the UKWCS sample, female patients adhering to a GFD had lower intakes of magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, selenium and folate. In male patients, intakes of magnesium and selenium were particularly low.
This study reinforces the need for clinicians to recognize that avoidance of gluten cannot be the sole focus of a gluten-free diet. Maintenance of adequate intakes of essential nutrients and in particular complex carbohydrates must also be the goal for patients.
目前治疗乳糜泻（CD）的唯一方法是长期无麸质饮食（GFD）。但人们对这种饮食的详细构成知之甚少。
阐明 GFD 的营养成分，并将其与非 CD 人群的代表性非 GFD 饮食进行比较。
共邀请 139 例 CD 患者填写前瞻性验证的 5 天饮食日记，其中 93 例的数据进行了分析。结果与成人国家饮食和营养调查以及英国妇女队列研究（UKWCS）的数据进行了比较。
严格遵循 GFD 的个体通常与对照人群的能量和营养素摄入量相似，但从非乳外源性糖获得的碳水化合物摄入量比例较高，且非淀粉多糖的摄入量较低。与 UKWCS 样本相比，坚持 GFD 的女性患者的镁、铁、锌、锰、硒和叶酸摄入量较低。在男性患者中，镁和硒的摄入量尤其低。
本研究进一步证实，临床医生应认识到，避免麸质不能成为无麸质饮食的唯一重点。对于患者而言，维持必需营养素，特别是复杂碳水化合物的充足摄入量也必须是目标。
