Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2010 Jun;23(3):294-300. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2010.01060.x. Epub 2010 Mar 23.
Coeliac disease (CD), or permanent gluten intolerance, is one of the most common chronic food-related diseases among children in Europe and the USA. The treatment is lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD) (i.e. the exclusion of wheat, rye and barley from the diet, which are important sources particularly of iron, dietary fibre and vitamin B). The present study aimed to evaluate dietary intakes of energy and nutrients in children and adolescents on GFD and compare these with intake of comparable age groups on a normal diet as well as current recommendations.
Thirty children, 4-17 years of age with confirmed CD and on GFD were agreed to participate in this study at the Department of Pediatrics, Umeå University Hospital. Weight and height were used to calculate individual energy requirement according to Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004 (NNR-04). Dietary intake was assessed using 5-day food records and household measures were used for quantities. Twenty-five children completed their dietary record.
Thirteen of the 25 children did not meet the recommended energy intake and the dietary intakes were inadequate regarding quality of macronutrients and quantity of minerals and vitamins. The mean intakes of sucrose and saturated fatty acids were above and the intakes of dietary fibre, vitamin D, magnesium and selenium below the NNR-04. High intakes of sucrose and saturated fat and a low intake of dietary fibre were also noted in a previous national survey on healthy children on a normal diet. The nutrient density of vitamin D, riboflavin, niacin, thiamine, magnesium and selenium were lower among CD children than healthy children but, for iron and calcium, it was higher in CD children.
Children on GFD appear to follow the same trends as healthy children on a normal diet, with high intakes of saturated fat and sucrose and low intakes of dietary fibre, vitamin D and magnesium compared to recommendations.
乳糜泻（CD），或永久性 gluten 不耐受，是欧洲和美国儿童中最常见的慢性与食物相关的疾病之一。治疗方法是终身无麸质饮食（GFD）（即从饮食中排除小麦、黑麦和大麦，它们是铁、膳食纤维和维生素 B 的重要来源）。本研究旨在评估接受 GFD 的儿童和青少年的能量和营养素摄入，并将其与正常饮食的同龄人群的摄入量以及当前建议进行比较。
在瑞典于默奥大学医院儿科，30 名年龄在 4-17 岁、确诊为 CD 并接受 GFD 的儿童同意参与本研究。体重和身高用于根据北欧营养推荐 2004（NNR-04）计算个体能量需求。通过 5 天的食物记录评估饮食摄入，使用家用量具测量数量。25 名儿童完成了他们的饮食记录。
25 名儿童中有 13 名未达到推荐的能量摄入量，并且在宏量营养素的质量和矿物质和维生素的数量方面，饮食摄入不足。蔗糖和饱和脂肪酸的平均摄入量高于 NNR-04，膳食纤维、维生素 D、镁和硒的摄入量低于 NNR-04。在一项关于正常饮食的健康儿童的全国性调查中，也发现了蔗糖和饱和脂肪摄入量高、膳食纤维摄入量低的情况。与健康儿童相比，CD 儿童的维生素 D、核黄素、烟酸、硫胺素、镁和硒的营养素密度较低，但铁和钙的摄入量较高。
接受 GFD 的儿童似乎遵循与正常饮食的健康儿童相同的趋势，与建议相比，饱和脂肪和蔗糖摄入量高，膳食纤维、维生素 D 和镁摄入量低。
