研究特定语言障碍学龄前儿童抑制机制。
Investigating mechanisms of suppression in preschool children with specific language impairment.
机构信息
Department of Communication Sciences, University of Connecticut, 850 Bolton Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
出版信息
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2010 Jun;53(3):725-38. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/09-0041).
PURPOSE
This study investigated 2 suppression mechanisms--(a) resistance to distracter interference and (b) inhibition of a prepotent response--in preschool children with specific language impairment (SLI) and their typically developing peers.
METHOD
Twenty-two preschool children with SLI and 22 typically developing controls participated in this study. The resistance to distracter interference task involved suppressing distracters (nonverbal auditory, linguistic, and visual) that were external and irrelevant to the task goal. Inhibition was assessed using a stop-signal paradigm to evaluate the ability to suppress a prepotent, conflicting response.
RESULTS
The children with SLI exhibited decreased resistance to distracter interference regardless of distracter modality and poor inhibitory control relative to their typically developing peers.
CONCLUSION
These results identify suppression weaknesses in preschool-age children with SLI. Specifically, children with this disorder exhibited difficulty suppressing both irrelevant and contradictory information.
目的
本研究调查了 2 种抑制机制——（a）抵抗分心干扰和（b）抑制优势反应——在特定语言障碍（SLI）的学龄前儿童及其典型发育同伴中的作用。
方法
22 名患有 SLI 的学龄前儿童和 22 名典型发育对照组参加了这项研究。抵抗分心干扰任务涉及抑制分心物（非言语听觉、语言和视觉），这些分心物与任务目标无关且外部。使用停止信号范式评估抑制能力，以评估抑制优势、冲突反应的能力。
结果
无论分心物的模态如何，患有 SLI 的儿童表现出对分心干扰的抵抗力下降，与他们的典型发育同龄人相比，他们的抑制控制能力较差。
结论
这些结果表明，学龄前 SLI 儿童存在抑制弱点。具体来说，该障碍儿童在抑制无关和矛盾信息方面均存在困难。
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