Moeller M J
Medizinische Klinik 2, Nephrologie und Klinische Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2010 Jun;135(24):1232-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1255142. Epub 2010 Jun 8.
In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the structure and pathomechanisms of the glomerulus of the kidney. Some of these more recent advances and open questions are discussed in this review: 1.) The functioning of the glomerular filter still remains incompletely understood, although the microanatomy and molecular biology of the glomerular filter has been investigated in great detail. 2.) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to mediate spacial clues that are essential for the polarized distribution of the cells within the glomerulus. 3.) A novel theory of the subpodocyte space offers a novel explanation for the flux of VEGF from the podocytes against the bulk flow of the filtrate to the glomerular endothelial cells. 4.) Novel transgenic mouse models have enabled us to investigate the functional role not only of podocytes but more recently also of parietal cells which might serve as an intrarenal progenitor cell population. 5.) Parietal cells play a so far under-recognized role in various glomerular diseases. In rapid progressive glomerulonephritis, cellular crescents originate predominantly from parietal cells.
近年来，在了解肾脏肾小球的结构和病理机制方面取得了重大进展。本综述讨论了其中一些最新进展和未解决的问题：1.）尽管对肾小球滤过器的微观解剖学和分子生物学进行了详细研究，但肾小球滤过器的功能仍未完全了解。2.）血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）已被证明可介导空间线索，这些线索对于肾小球内细胞的极化分布至关重要。3.）足细胞下间隙的新理论为VEGF从足细胞逆着滤液的总体流动流向肾小球内皮细胞的通量提供了新的解释。4.）新型转基因小鼠模型使我们不仅能够研究足细胞的功能作用，最近还能研究可能作为肾内祖细胞群体的壁层细胞的功能作用。5.）壁层细胞在各种肾小球疾病中迄今发挥着未被充分认识的作用。在快速进行性肾小球肾炎中，细胞性新月体主要起源于壁层细胞。
