Photoluminescence of uranium(VI): quenching mechanism and role of uranium(V).

The photoluminescence of uranium(VI) is observed typically in the wavelength range 400-650 nm with the lifetime of several hundreds mus and is known to be quenched in the presence of various halide ions (case A) or alcohols (case B). Here, we show by density functional theory (DFT) calculations that the quenching involves an intermediate triplet excited state that exhibits uranium(V) character. The DFT results are consistent with previous experimental findings suggesting the presence of photoexcited uranium(V) radical pair during the quenching process. In the ground state of uranyl(VI) halides, the ligand contributions to the highest occupied molecular orbitals increase with the atomic number (Z) of halide ion allowing larger ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) between uranium and the halide ion. Consequently, a larger quenching effect is expected as Z increases. The quenching mechanism is essentially the same in cases A and B, and is driven by an electron transfer from the quencher to the UO(2)(2+) entity. The relative energetic stabilities of the triplet excited state define the "fate" of uranium, so that in case A uranium(V) is oxidized back to uranium(VI), while in case B uranium remains as pentavalent.