Vassilieva Julia
Centre for Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
Hist Psychol. 2010 May;13(2):138-59. doi: 10.1037/a0019270.
The author traces the changes in Russian psychology in the past 25 years and links these changes to the earlier Russian legacy of Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) and Aleksei N. Leontiev (1903-1979). The move into the 21st century coincided for Russian psychology as well as for the Russian society at large with the reforms of perestroika, leading to greater openness in the academic sphere. In particular, Russian psychology was able to connect in a more free and fundamental way with its own heritage and with various developments around the world. The author discusses how these factors affected continuity and innovation with regard to the 2 dominant theoretical perspectives in Russian psychology--the cultural-historical theory of Vygotsky and the theory of activity, initially developed by Leontiev. The author argues that while there are now original and substantial shifts within Russian psychology--namely toward the new paradigm characterized by various researchers as "organic psychology," "nonclassical psychology," or even "post-non-classical" psychology--the issues of agency and meaning, which were central for the previous generation of Russian psychologists, such as Vygotsky, Leontiev, Luria, Zaporozhets, Rubinstein, and others, continue to inform the development of the discipline in the 21st century.
作者追溯了俄罗斯心理学在过去25年中的变化，并将这些变化与早期俄罗斯的列夫·维果茨基（1896 - 1934）和阿列克谢·N·列昂节夫（1903 - 1979）的遗产联系起来。进入21世纪之际，俄罗斯心理学以及整个俄罗斯社会都恰逢改革时期，这导致学术领域更加开放。特别是，俄罗斯心理学能够以更自由和更根本的方式与自身传统以及世界各地的各种发展建立联系。作者讨论了这些因素如何影响俄罗斯心理学中两种主导理论视角——维果茨基的文化历史理论和最初由列昂节夫发展的活动理论——在连续性和创新性方面的情况。作者认为，虽然目前俄罗斯心理学内部存在原创性和实质性的转变——即朝着被不同研究者描述为“有机心理学”“非经典心理学”甚至“后非经典”心理学的新范式转变——但对于上一代俄罗斯心理学家，如维果茨基、列昂节夫、卢里亚、扎波罗热茨、鲁宾斯坦等人来说至关重要的能动性和意义问题，在21世纪仍继续影响着该学科的发展。
