Cancer Control Science Department, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams St, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
J Natl Med Assoc. 2010 May;102(5):423-9. doi: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30578-2.
In 2009, the American Cancer Society (ACS) initiated a series of systematic evidence reviews to update recommendations for early prostate cancer detection. The evidence reviews focused on studies of screening, the performance of screening tests, harms associated with testing and therapy for localized prostate cancer, and shared and informed decision making in prostate cancer screening. Based on this evidence, the ACS recommends that asymptomatic men who have at least a 10-year life expectancy have an opportunity to make an informed decision with their health care provider about screening for prostate cancer after receiving information about the uncertainties, risks, and potential benefits associated with prostate cancer screening. Prostate cancer screening should not occur without an informed decision-making process. Men at average risk should receive this information beginning at age 50. Men in higher-risk groups should receive this information before age 50. Men should either receive this information directly from their health care providers or be referred to reliable and culturally appropriate sources. Patient decision aids are helpful in preparing men to make a decision whether to be tested, and the use of such aids is encouraged.
2009 年，美国癌症协会（ACS）启动了一系列系统的循证评估，以更新早期前列腺癌检测的建议。这些证据评估集中在筛查研究、筛查试验的性能、局部前列腺癌检测和治疗相关的危害，以及前列腺癌筛查中的共同决策和知情决策。基于这些证据，ACS 建议预期寿命至少 10 年的无症状男性在获得有关前列腺癌筛查相关不确定性、风险和潜在益处的信息后，有机会与他们的医疗保健提供者一起做出知情决策。前列腺癌筛查不应在没有知情决策过程的情况下进行。平均风险的男性应从 50 岁开始接受这些信息。高风险人群的男性应在 50 岁之前获得这些信息。男性应直接从其医疗保健提供者处获得这些信息，或被转介至可靠且文化适宜的资源。患者决策辅助工具有助于男性做好接受检测的决策准备，鼓励使用这些工具。
