Suttle Catherine M
School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Clin Exp Optom. 2010 Sep;93(5):287-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2010.00486.x. Epub 2010 Jun 28.
Treatment for amblyopia commonly involves passive methods such as occlusion of the non-amblyopic eye. An evidence base for these methods is provided by animal models of visual deprivation and plasticity in early life and randomised controlled studies in humans with amblyopia. Other treatments of amblyopia, intended to be used instead of or in conjunction with passive methods, are known as 'active' because they require some activity on the part of the patient. Active methods are intended to enhance treatment of amblyopia in a number of ways, including increased compliance and attention during the treatment periods (due to activities that are interesting for the patient) and the use of stimuli designed to activate and to encourage connectivity between certain cortical cell types. Active methods of amblyopia treatment are widely available and are discussed to some extent in the literature, but in many cases the evidence base is unclear, and effectiveness has not been thoroughly tested. This review looks at the techniques and evidence base for a range of these methods and discusses the need for an evidence-based approach to the acceptance and use of active amblyopia treatments.
弱视的治疗通常涉及被动方法，如遮盖非弱视眼。这些方法的证据基础来自早期生活中视觉剥夺和可塑性的动物模型以及弱视患者的随机对照研究。弱视的其他治疗方法旨在替代被动方法或与被动方法联合使用，因其需要患者的一些主动参与而被称为“主动”治疗。主动方法旨在通过多种方式加强弱视治疗，包括在治疗期间提高依从性和注意力（由于患者感兴趣的活动）以及使用旨在激活并促进某些皮质细胞类型之间连接的刺激。弱视的主动治疗方法广泛可得，且在文献中也有一定程度的讨论，但在许多情况下，证据基础并不明确，其有效性也未得到充分测试。本综述探讨了一系列此类方法的技术和证据基础，并讨论了采用基于证据的方法来接受和使用弱视主动治疗的必要性。
