Baumer Timothy G, Nashelsky Marcus, Hurst Carolyn V, Passalacqua Nicholas V, Fenton Todd W, Haut Roger C
Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratories, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2010 Nov;55(6):1416-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01475.x.
This study documents four clinical cases of fatal crush injuries to children between 1.5 and 6 years of age with correlations between modeled stress and clinically observed fracture patterns. The clinical case fractures were concentrated in the basicranium, bridged the impact sites, and traversed the middle cranial fossa in the area of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. The crushing forces from these cases were recreated on a simplified finite element model of a cranium by applying bilateral pressures to corresponding regions. Numerous trials were run to develop a representative pattern of principal stress directions. In all cases, the highest tensile stresses were located on the basicranium and corresponded to the observed fracture path(s). These results suggest that prefailure stress field diagrams may predict fracture propagation paths, although these will not be exact. Also, these analyses indicate that quasi-static bilateral loading of the cranium may lead to predictable fracture of the basicranium.
本研究记录了4例1.5至6岁儿童致命挤压伤的临床病例，并对模拟应力与临床观察到的骨折模式之间的相关性进行了研究。临床病例中的骨折集中在颅底，跨越撞击部位，并穿过蝶枕软骨结合处的中颅窝区域。通过对相应区域施加双侧压力，在简化的颅骨有限元模型上重现了这些病例的挤压力。进行了大量试验以建立主应力方向的代表性模式。在所有病例中，最高拉应力位于颅底，与观察到的骨折路径相对应。这些结果表明，失效前应力场图可能预测骨折扩展路径，尽管并不精确。此外，这些分析表明，颅骨的准静态双侧加载可能导致颅底出现可预测的骨折。
