Dresden University of Technology, Germany.
Behav Res Ther. 2010 Aug;48(8):770-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.05.003. Epub 2010 May 10.
Previous studies of biased information processing in anxiety addressed biases of attention and memory, but little is known about the processes taking place between them: visual working memory (VWM) and monitoring of threat. We investigated these processes with a change detection paradigm. In Experiment 1, spider fearfuls (SF) and non-anxious controls (NAC) judged two subsequently presented displays as same or different. The displays consisted of several pictures, one of which could depict a spider. In Experiment 2, SF and NAC, both without snake fear, were tested with displays including either a spider or a snake image to determine the material-specificity of biased VWM. Both groups showed increased change detection for threat images. This effect was significantly stronger in SF, for spider images only, indicating a threat-specific VWM bias. Thus, contrary to the assumptions made by most cognitive models of anxiety, an explicit memory bias was found.
先前关于焦虑中的偏见信息处理的研究主要关注注意力和记忆的偏见，但对于它们之间发生的过程知之甚少：视觉工作记忆 (VWM) 和威胁监测。我们使用变化检测范式研究了这些过程。在实验 1 中，蜘蛛恐惧症患者 (SF) 和非焦虑对照 (NAC) 判断随后呈现的两个显示是否相同或不同。显示由几张图片组成，其中一张可能描绘了一只蜘蛛。在实验 2 中，没有蛇恐惧症的 SF 和 NAC 都使用包含蜘蛛或蛇图像的显示进行测试，以确定偏向 VWM 的材料特异性。两组对威胁图像的变化检测都增加了。这种影响在 SF 中更为明显，仅针对蜘蛛图像，表明存在威胁特异性 VWM 偏见。因此，与焦虑的大多数认知模型所做的假设相反，发现了一个明确的记忆偏见。
