Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2011 Jan 30;185(1-2):92-6. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.05.013. Epub 2010 Jun 9.
Studies that have investigated whether deficits in social cognition observed in schizophrenia are also present in schizotypal individuals have largely been inconclusive, and none of these studies have examined social interactive behavior. Here, we investigated interactive decision-making behavior in individuals differing in the amount of schizotypal symptoms using tasks derived from Game Theory. In total 1691 undergraduate students were screened with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief version. We selected 69 people distributed across the full schizotypal continuum to participate in Ultimatum and Dictator Games in which they played against human and non-human, computer partners. The results showed that higher levels of schizotypal symptoms, particularly positive and disorganized schizotypy, were related to proposing higher offers to all partners. Additionally, the amount of interpersonal schizotypal symptoms was associated with an increased acceptance rate of very unfair offers from human partners, possibly reflecting a blunted emotional response to such offers. We conclude that positive and disorganized schizotypal symptoms are associated with less adequate bargaining behavior, similar to what has been recently observed in patients with schizophrenia. The observed similarities on Ultimatum Game behavior between patients with schizophrenia and individuals with more schizotypal symptoms contribute to the growing evidence that social cognitive deficits may represent a marker of vulnerability to schizophrenia.
研究表明，精神分裂症患者存在的社会认知缺陷也存在于精神分裂症特质个体中，但这些研究大多没有结论性，而且没有一项研究检查过社交互动行为。在这里，我们使用博弈论衍生的任务，研究了在具有不同程度精神分裂症特质症状的个体中互动决策行为。共有 1691 名本科生接受了简短版精神分裂症人格问卷的筛查。我们选择了 69 名分布在整个精神分裂症特质连续体上的人，与人类和非人类、计算机伙伴一起参与最后通牒和独裁游戏。结果表明，较高水平的精神分裂症特质症状，特别是阳性和紊乱特质，与向所有伙伴提出更高的报价有关。此外，人际精神分裂症特质症状的数量与接受来自人类伙伴的非常不公平报价的接受率增加有关，这可能反映出对这些报价的情绪反应迟钝。我们的结论是，阳性和紊乱特质与不太充分的讨价还价行为有关，这与最近在精神分裂症患者中观察到的情况类似。在最后通牒游戏行为中，精神分裂症患者和具有更多精神分裂症特质症状的个体之间的相似性，为社会认知缺陷可能代表对精神分裂症易感性的标志这一观点提供了越来越多的证据。
