Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Jul;24(7):1818-25. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181def1f5.
The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of 2 strength training methods on the energy cost of running (Cr). Thirty-five moderately to well-trained male endurance runners were randomly assigned to either a control group (C) or 2 intervention groups. All groups performed the same endurance-training program during an 8-week period. Intervention groups added a weekly strength training session designed to improve neuromuscular qualities. Sessions were matched for volume and intensity using either plyometric training (PT) or purely concentric contractions with added weight (dynamic weight training [DWT]). We found an interaction between time and group (p < 0.05) and an effect of time (p < 0.01) for Cr. Plyometric training induced a larger decrease of Cr (218 +/- 16 to 203 +/- 13 ml.kg.km) than DWT (207 +/- 15 to 199 +/- 12 ml.kg.km), whereas it remained unchanged in C. Pre-post changes in Cr were correlated with initial Cr (r = -0.57, p < 0.05). Peak vertical jump height (VJHpeak) increased significantly (p < 0.01) for both experimental groups (DWT = 33.4 +/- 6.2 to 34.9 +/- 6.1 cm, PT = 33.3 +/- 4.0 to 35.3 +/- 3.6 cm) but not for C. All groups showed improvements (p < 0.05) in Perf3000 (C = 711 +/- 107 to 690 +/- 109 seconds, DWT = 755 +/- 87 to 724 +/- 77 seconds, PT = 748 +/- 81 to 712 +/- 76 seconds). Plyometric training were more effective than DWT in improving Cr in moderately to well-trained male endurance runners showing that athletes and coaches should include explosive strength training in their practices with a particular attention on plyometric exercises. Future research is needed to establish the origin of this adaptation.
本研究旨在比较两种力量训练方法对跑步能量消耗（Cr）的影响。35 名中等至高水平的男性耐力跑者被随机分配到对照组（C）或 2 个干预组。所有组在 8 周的时间内都进行相同的耐力训练计划。干预组每周增加一次力量训练，旨在提高神经肌肉素质。使用增强式训练（PT）或附加重量的纯向心收缩（动态重量训练[DWT]）来匹配训练量和强度。我们发现时间和组之间存在交互作用（p < 0.05），并且 Cr 存在时间效应（p < 0.01）。增强式训练导致 Cr 下降更大（218 +/- 16 至 203 +/- 13 ml.kg.km），而 DWT 则下降较小（207 +/- 15 至 199 +/- 12 ml.kg.km），而 C 组则没有变化。Cr 的前后变化与初始 Cr 呈负相关（r = -0.57，p < 0.05）。垂直跳跃高度峰值（VJHpeak）显著增加（p < 0.01），两个实验组（DWT = 33.4 +/- 6.2 至 34.9 +/- 6.1 cm，PT = 33.3 +/- 4.0 至 35.3 +/- 3.6 cm），而 C 组没有变化。所有组在 Perf3000 方面都有所改善（C = 711 +/- 107 至 690 +/- 109 秒，DWT = 755 +/- 87 至 724 +/- 77 秒，PT = 748 +/- 81 至 712 +/- 76 秒）。在中等至高水平的男性耐力跑者中，增强式训练比 DWT 更有效地提高 Cr，这表明运动员和教练应在实践中包括爆发力力量训练，特别关注增强式练习。需要进一步的研究来确定这种适应的起源。
