Institut Pasteur, Génétique moléculaire des Bunyavirus, Paris, France.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Jun 8;4(6):e706. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000706.
First described in humans in 1964, reports of co-infections with dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses are increasing, particularly after the emergence of chikungunya (CHIK) in the Indian Ocean in 2005-2006 due to a new variant highly transmitted by Aedes albopictus. In this geographic area, a dengue (DEN) outbreak transmitted by Ae. albopictus took place shortly before the emergence of CHIK and co-infections were reported in patients. A co-infection in humans can occur following the bite of two mosquitoes infected with one virus or to the bite of a mosquito infected with two viruses. Co-infections in mosquitoes have never been demonstrated in the field or in the laboratory. Thus, we question about the ability of a mosquito to deliver infectious particles of two different viruses through the female saliva.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We orally exposed Ae. albopictus from La Reunion Island with DENV-1 and CHIKV isolated respectively during the 2004-2005 and the 2005-2006 outbreaks on this same island. We were able to show that Ae. albopictus could disseminate both viruses and deliver both infectious viral particles concomitantly in its saliva. We also succeeded in inducing a secondary infection with CHIKV in mosquitoes previously inoculated with DENV-1.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we underline the ability of Ae. albopictus to be orally co-infected with two different arboviruses and furthermore, its capacity to deliver concomitantly infectious particles of CHIKV and DENV in saliva. This finding is of particular concern as Ae. albopictus is still expanding its geographical range in the tropical as well as in the temperate regions. Further studies are needed to try to elucidate the molecular/cellular basis of this phenomenon.
1964 年首次在人类中描述了登革热(DENV)和基孔肯雅热(CHIKV)病毒的合并感染,尤其是 2005-2006 年印度洋基孔肯雅热(CHIK)的出现,这是由于一种由白纹伊蚊高度传播的新变种。在这个地理区域,白纹伊蚊传播的登革热(DEN)爆发发生在 CHIK 出现之前,并且有报道称患者发生了合并感染。人类中的合并感染可能是由于被两只感染了一种病毒的蚊子叮咬引起的,也可能是被一只感染了两种病毒的蚊子叮咬引起的。在野外或实验室中从未证明过蚊子中的合并感染。因此,我们质疑蚊子是否有能力通过雌性唾液传递两种不同病毒的传染性颗粒。
方法/主要发现:我们用 2004-2005 年和 2005-2006 年在同一岛上爆发的分别分离的 DENV-1 和 CHIKV 对来自留尼汪岛的白纹伊蚊进行了口服暴露。我们能够表明白纹伊蚊可以传播两种病毒,并在其唾液中同时传递两种传染性病毒颗粒。我们还成功地在先前接种 DENV-1 的蚊子中诱导了 CHIKV 的二次感染。
结论/意义:在这项研究中,我们强调了白纹伊蚊同时感染两种不同虫媒病毒的能力,并且能够同时在唾液中传递 CHIKV 和 DENV 的传染性颗粒。这一发现尤其令人担忧,因为白纹伊蚊仍在热带和温带地区扩大其地理范围。需要进一步的研究来试图阐明这种现象的分子/细胞基础。