Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland.
Arch Microbiol. 2010 Aug;192(8):603-17. doi: 10.1007/s00203-010-0594-4. Epub 2010 Jun 11.
Infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains are mainly associated with a hospital setting. However, nowadays, the MRSA infections of non-hospitalized patients are observed more frequently. In order to distinguish them from hospital-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (HA-MRSA) strains, given them the name of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA). CA-MRSA strains most commonly cause skin infections, but may lead to more severe diseases, and consequently the patient's death. The molecular markers of CA-MRSA strains are the presence of accessory gene regulator (agr) of group I or III, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV, V or VII and genes encoding for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). In addition, CA-MRSA strains show resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Studies on the genetic elements of CA-MRSA strains have a key role in the unambiguous identification of strains, monitoring of infections, improving the treatment, work on new antimicrobial agents and understanding the evolution of these pathogens.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌菌株引起的感染主要与医院环境有关。然而，如今，非住院患者的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染更为常见。为了将它们与医院相关的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（HA-MRSA）菌株区分开来，将它们命名为社区相关耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（CA-MRSA）。CA-MRSA 菌株最常引起皮肤感染，但可能导致更严重的疾病，并最终导致患者死亡。CA-MRSA 菌株的分子标志物是存在 I 组或 III 组辅助基因调控因子（agr）、葡萄球菌盒染色体 mec（SCCmec）类型 IV、V 或 VII 以及编码杀伤白细胞素（PVL）的基因。此外，CA-MRSA 菌株对β-内酰胺类抗生素具有耐药性。对 CA-MRSA 菌株遗传元素的研究在明确鉴定菌株、监测感染、改进治疗、开发新的抗菌药物以及了解这些病原体的进化方面具有关键作用。
