Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2010 Aug;40(8):1238-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03551.x. Epub 2010 Jun 7.
Rhinitis is commonly reported by swimmers. Seasonal allergic rhinitis may impair athletes' performance and quality of life (QOL). No data are currently available on the changes of nasal symptoms during and after a swimming season. We aimed to determine in competitive swimmers: (1) the prevalence of rhinitis and its impact on their QOL during an intense training programme, (2) the changes in nasal symptoms and QOL after a resting period and (3) the relationship between rhinitis and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).
Thirty-nine swimmers and 30 healthy controls answered the Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) and scored nasal symptoms on a seven-point Likert scale during the week preceding their visit. Subjects had allergy skin prick tests and a methacholine challenge. Peak nasal inspiratory flows were also measured. The athletes performed these tests during an intense training period (V1), outside the pollen season and after at least 2 weeks without swimming (V2).
At V1, rhinitis symptoms were reported by 74% of swimmers and 40% of controls (P<0.01). Eighty-four percent of swimmers and 72% of controls were atopic (NS). RQLQ score was higher in swimmers compared with controls at V1 (27.3+/-28.5 vs. 9.5+/-12.7, respectively, P<0.005). The presence of AHR during training did not correlate with the presence of rhinitis symptoms. At V2, the nasal symptoms and RQLQ scores were similar in swimmers and controls.
Intense swimming training is associated with an increase in nasal symptoms and impairment in QOL in most competitive swimmers. Such an increase is not related to seasonal allergen exposure in atopic athletes and probably results from chlorine derivative exposure.
鼻炎在游泳者中很常见。季节性过敏性鼻炎可能会影响运动员的表现和生活质量（QOL）。目前尚无关于游泳季节期间和之后鼻腔症状变化的数据。我们旨在确定竞技游泳运动员中：（1）鼻炎的患病率及其在剧烈训练计划期间对其 QOL 的影响，（2）休息期后鼻腔症状和 QOL 的变化，以及（3）鼻炎与气道高反应性（AHR）之间的关系。
39 名游泳运动员和 30 名健康对照者在访问前一周回答了鼻炎生活质量问卷（RQLQ），并对鼻腔症状进行了七分制评分。受试者进行了过敏皮肤点刺试验和乙酰甲胆碱挑战。还测量了最大鼻吸气流量。运动员在剧烈训练期间（V1）、花粉季节外和至少 2 周不游泳后（V2）进行了这些测试。
在 V1 时，74%的游泳运动员和 40%的对照组报告有鼻炎症状（P<0.01）。84%的游泳运动员和 72%的对照组为特应性（NS）。与对照组相比，V1 时游泳运动员的 RQLQ 评分更高（分别为 27.3+/-28.5 与 9.5+/-12.7，P<0.005）。训练期间 AHR 的存在与鼻炎症状的存在无关。在 V2 时，游泳运动员和对照组的鼻腔症状和 RQLQ 评分相似。
剧烈游泳训练与大多数竞技游泳运动员鼻腔症状增加和生活质量受损有关。这种增加与特应性运动员的季节性过敏原暴露无关，可能是由于氯衍生物暴露所致。
