CIRAD Persyst - Saint Pierre Cedex, La Réunion, France.
Plant Cell Environ. 2010 Sep;33(9):1419-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02181.x. Epub 2010 Jul 2.
Stomata play a key role in plant adaptation to changing environmental conditions as they control both water losses and CO(2) uptake. Particularly, in the context of global change, simulations of the consequences of drought on crop plants are needed to design more efficient and water-saving cropping systems. However, most of the models of stomatal conductance (g(s)) developed at the leaf level link g(s) to environmental factors or net photosynthesis (A(net)), but do not include satisfactorily the effects of drought, impairing our capacity to simulate plant functioning in conditions of limited water supply. The objective of this review was to draw an up-to-date picture of the g(s) models, from the empirical to the process-based ones, along with their mechanistic or deterministic bases. It focuses on models capable to account for multiple environmental influences with emphasis on drought conditions. We examine how models that have been proposed for well-watered conditions can be combined with those specifically designed to deal with drought conditions. Ideas for future improvements of g(s) models are discussed: the issue of co-regulation of g(s) and A(net); the roles of CO(2), absissic acid and H(2)O(2); and finally, how to better address the new challenges arising from the issue of global change.
气孔在植物适应环境变化方面起着关键作用，因为它们既能控制水分损失，又能控制 CO2 的吸收。特别是在全球变化的背景下，需要模拟干旱对作物的影响，以设计更高效和节水的种植系统。然而，大多数在叶片水平上开发的气孔导度 (g(s)) 模型将 g(s) 与环境因素或净光合速率 (A(net)) 联系起来，但不能令人满意地包括干旱的影响，从而削弱了我们在有限供水条件下模拟植物功能的能力。本综述的目的是描绘 g(s) 模型的最新情况，从经验模型到基于过程的模型，以及它们的机制或确定性基础。它重点介绍了能够解释多种环境影响的模型，重点是干旱条件。我们研究了如何将为充分供水条件下提出的模型与专门为应对干旱条件而设计的模型结合起来。讨论了未来改进 g(s) 模型的思路：g(s) 和 A(net) 的共同调节问题；CO2、脱落酸和 H2O2 的作用；最后，如何更好地应对全球变化带来的新挑战。
