Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5N 2N2, Canada.
Dig Liver Dis. 2010 Jul;42 Suppl 3:S215-22. doi: 10.1016/S1590-8658(10)60508-7.
The underlying liver diseases that put patients at risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are well known. However, it is equally well known that not all patients with these conditions will develop HCC. Therefore within the disease groups (hepatitis B, cirrhosis, etc.,) there are other factors that indicate greater or lesser risk. Some markers of risk are common to all causes of HCC, such as cellular dysplasia, advancing age and male gender. Others factors are specific to individual diseases. This has been well established for hepatitis B in which viral load, genotype and antigen status are major contributors to increased risk of HCC. For both hepatitis B and hepatitis C attempts have been made to identify those individuals at greatest risk using data from large cohort studies. In addition to the common causes of liver disease that are recognized to be causes of HCC non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and possibly diabetes are newly emerging risk factors.
导致肝细胞癌 (HCC) 发生的潜在肝脏疾病是众所周知的。然而，同样众所周知的是，并非所有患有这些疾病的患者都会发展为 HCC。因此，在疾病组（乙型肝炎、肝硬化等）中，还有其他因素表明风险程度更高或更低。一些风险标志物与 HCC 的所有病因都有关，例如细胞异型增生、年龄增长和男性性别。其他因素则特定于个别疾病。乙型肝炎中已经明确了这一点，病毒载量、基因型和抗原状态是 HCC 风险增加的主要因素。对于乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎，已经尝试使用来自大型队列研究的数据来确定那些风险最大的个体。除了已知的导致 HCC 的肝脏疾病的常见原因（如非酒精性脂肪性肝病和可能的糖尿病）之外，还有新出现的风险因素。
