Baenkler H W
Fortschr Med. 1978 Apr 13;96(14):734-8.
Immunologic diseases of the liver are exogenous mostly initiated by virus or endogenous initiated by autoaggression. All virus-induced kinds of hepatitis are due to an immune response against inocculated hepatocytes. Therefore the hepatitis is limited to the period of complete elimination of virus-infected cells. A strong immune response therefore corresponds with an acute and short hepatitis whilest a weak immune response develops a chronic hepatitis. In contrast, autoimmune hepatitis based on a disorder of the immune system with some genetic background is always unlimited. Each cirrhosis developing from immunologic hepatitis is also an immunologic disease; a special variant is the autoimmune primary biliary cirrhosis. All in all, the number of immunologic liver diseases surmounts the remaining liver diseases due to intoxication of metabolic disorders.
肝脏的免疫性疾病大多是由病毒引发的外源性疾病，或由自身攻击引发的内源性疾病。所有病毒引起的各类肝炎都是针对接种的肝细胞的免疫反应所致。因此，肝炎仅限于病毒感染细胞被完全清除的时期。强烈的免疫反应对应急性短期肝炎，而微弱的免疫反应则会发展为慢性肝炎。相比之下，基于免疫系统紊乱且有一定遗传背景的自身免疫性肝炎则总是无限制的。由免疫性肝炎发展而来的每一种肝硬化也是一种免疫性疾病；一种特殊的变体是自身免疫性原发性胆汁性肝硬化。总之，免疫性肝脏疾病的数量超过了因代谢紊乱中毒导致的其余肝脏疾病。
