Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Br J Nutr. 2010 Oct;104(8):1190-201. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510001807. Epub 2010 Jun 16.
Fruits and vegetables are among the most nutritious and healthy of foods, and are related to the prevention of many chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between intake of different plant foods and cognitive performance in elderly individuals in a cross-sectional study. Two thousand and thirty-one elderly subjects (aged 70-74 years; 55% women) recruited from the general population in Western Norway underwent extensive cognitive testing and completed a comprehensive FFQ. The cognitive test battery covered several domains (Kendrick Object Learning Test, Trail Making Test--part A, modified versions of the Digit Symbol Test, Block Design, Mini-Mental State Examination and Controlled Oral Word Association Test). A validated and self-reported FFQ was used to assess habitual food intake. Subjects with intakes of >10th percentile of fruits, vegetables, grain products and mushrooms performed significantly better in cognitive tests than those with very low or no intake. The associations were strongest between cognition and the combined intake of fruits and vegetables, with a marked dose-dependent relationship up to about 500 g/d. The dose-related increase of intakes of grain products and potatoes reached a plateau at about 100-150 g/d, levelling off or decreasing thereafter, whereas the associations were linear for mushrooms. For individual plant foods, the positive cognitive associations of carrots, cruciferous vegetables, citrus fruits and high-fibre bread were most pronounced. The only negative cognitive association was with increased intake of white bread. In the elderly, a diet rich in plant foods is associated with better performance in several cognitive abilities in a dose-dependent manner.
水果和蔬菜是最有营养和健康的食物之一，与许多慢性疾病的预防有关。本研究旨在通过横断面研究，考察老年人摄入不同植物性食物与认知表现之间的关系。从挪威西部的一般人群中招募了 2031 名 70-74 岁的老年人（55%为女性）进行了广泛的认知测试，并完成了全面的 FFQ。认知测试包括多个领域（肯德里克物体学习测试、追踪测试 A 部分、数字符号测试的修改版本、积木设计、简易精神状态检查和控制口头联想测试）。使用经过验证和自我报告的 FFQ 来评估习惯性食物摄入量。与摄入非常低或没有摄入水果、蔬菜、谷物产品和蘑菇的人相比，摄入>第 10 百分位的水果、蔬菜、谷物产品和蘑菇的人在认知测试中表现明显更好。这种关联在认知功能与水果和蔬菜的综合摄入量之间最强，摄入量高达约 500 克/天左右呈明显的剂量依赖性关系。谷物产品和土豆的摄入量与认知功能之间的相关性呈线性增加，达到约 100-150 克/天左右的平台期，此后趋于平稳或减少，而蘑菇则呈线性关系。对于个别植物性食物，胡萝卜、十字花科蔬菜、柑橘类水果和高纤维面包的积极认知关联最为明显。唯一与认知能力下降相关的是白面包摄入量的增加。在老年人中，植物性食物丰富的饮食与多种认知能力的表现呈剂量依赖性相关。
