Holden G W, Ritchie K L
Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin 78712.
Child Dev. 1991 Apr;62(2):311-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01533.x.
Relations between marital discord, parental behavior, and child behavior were investigated in a sample of 37 battered women and 37 comparison mothers and their children, aged 2-8 years. It was hypothesized that violent fathers would be more irritable but less involved, battered women more stressed and inconsistent in discipline, and both parents would reportedly use fewer positive and more negative child-rearing responses than comparison families. Based on maternal self-reports and mother-child observations, the only robust self-report difference between the groups of mothers were the level of stress and reports of inconsistency in parenting; in contrast, all of the expected differences were found between the mothers' reports of the 2 groups of fathers. Group effects on child behavior problems were also found. Children from violent families were reported to have more internalizing behavior problems, more difficult temperaments, and to be more aggressive than the comparison children. In the violent families, maternal stress and paternal irritability were the 2 significant predictors of child behavior problems, whereas in the comparison families only maternal stress was a reliable predictor.
对37名受虐妇女和37名对照母亲及其2至8岁的子女进行了研究，以调查婚姻不和、父母行为与儿童行为之间的关系。研究假设为，暴力父亲会更易怒但参与度更低，受虐妇女压力更大且管教方式不一致，而且据报道，与对照家庭相比，父母双方使用的积极育儿反应更少，消极育儿反应更多。基于母亲的自我报告和母子观察，两组母亲之间唯一显著的自我报告差异在于压力水平和育儿方式不一致的报告；相比之下，两组父亲的母亲报告之间发现了所有预期的差异。还发现了对儿童行为问题的群体影响。据报告，来自暴力家庭的儿童比对照儿童有更多的内化行为问题、更难相处的气质，且更具攻击性。在暴力家庭中，母亲的压力和父亲的易怒是儿童行为问题的两个重要预测因素，而在对照家庭中，只有母亲的压力是可靠的预测因素。
