Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
J Fish Biol. 2010 Jun;76(9):2009-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02685.x.
A total of 1951 species of freshwater and marine fishes belonging to 704 genera and 186 families are recorded in Malaysia. Almost half (48%) are currently threatened to some degree, while nearly one third (27%) mostly from the marine and coral habitats require urgent scientific studies to evaluate their status. Freshwater habitats encompass the highest percentage of threatened fish species (87%) followed by estuarine habitats (66%). Of the 32 species of highly threatened (HT) species, 16 are freshwater and 16 are largely marine-euryhaline species. Fish extinctions in Malaysia are confined to two freshwater species, but both freshwater and marine species are being increasingly threatened by largely habitat loss or modification (76%), overfishing (27%) and by-catch (23%). The most important threat to freshwater fishes is habitat modification and overfishing, while 35 species are threatened due to their endemism. Brackish-water, euryhaline and marine fishes are threatened mainly by overfishing, by-catch and habitat modification. Sedimentation (pollution) additionally threatens coral-reef fishes. The study provides recommendations to governments, fish managers, scientists and stakeholders to address the increasing and unabated extinction risks faced by the Malaysian fish fauna.
马来西亚共有 1951 种淡水和海洋鱼类，隶属于 704 属和 186 科。其中近一半（48%）受到不同程度的威胁，而近三分之一（27%）主要来自海洋和珊瑚栖息地，需要紧急进行科学研究以评估其状况。淡水生境中受威胁鱼类物种的比例最高（87%），其次是河口生境（66%）。在 32 种高度受威胁（HT）物种中，有 16 种是淡水物种，而 16 种则主要是海洋广盐性物种。马来西亚鱼类灭绝仅限于两种淡水物种，但由于栖息地丧失或改变（76%）、过度捕捞（27%）和兼捕（23%），淡水和海洋物种正日益受到威胁。对淡水鱼类最重要的威胁是栖息地的改变和过度捕捞，而 35 种鱼类因特有性而受到威胁。半咸水、广盐性和海洋鱼类主要受到过度捕捞、兼捕和栖息地改变的威胁。沉积物（污染）也威胁到珊瑚礁鱼类。本研究为政府、鱼类管理者、科学家和利益相关者提供了建议，以应对马来西亚鱼类区系面临的日益加剧和未减缓的灭绝风险。
