From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen; and DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Voorburg, The Netherlands.
Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Jul;116(1):67-75. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181e238f0.
To estimate the effect of the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use on the prevalence, incidence, and persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV).
A longitudinal study was conducted among 2,065 women aged 18-29 years. The women returned a self-collected cervicovaginal sample and filled out a questionnaire. A total of 1,812 women participated at all three time points, month 0, month 6, and month 12.
Low- and high-risk HPV prevalence at study entry was 8.9% and 11.8%, respectively. The annual incidence of low-risk HPV infections was 12.5% and the persistence was 2.0%. For high-risk HPV, the incidence and persistence was 12.1% and 4.5%, respectively. These results did not differ between OCP users and nonusers. A significant relationship between high-risk HPV detection and the timing of sampling was found when OCP users and nonusers were analyzed separately. In the second half of the menstrual cycle, high-risk HPV detection decreased in nonusers (P=.007) and increased in OCP users (P=.021). When women used OCPs continuously, high-risk HPV detection returned to the level of the first half of the menstrual cycle.
High-risk HPV detection was significantly influenced by sample timing in the menstrual cycle when analyzed separately for OCP users and women with a natural menstrual cycle. This may have implications in the future, when high-risk HPV detection may become a primary screening tool in cervical cancer prevention.
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评估月经周期和口服避孕药（OCP）使用对人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）流行率、发病率和持续性的影响。
对 2065 名 18-29 岁的女性进行了一项纵向研究。这些女性自行采集宫颈阴道样本并填写了一份问卷。共有 1812 名女性在三个时间点（0 个月、6 个月和 12 个月）参与了研究。
研究开始时，低危和高危 HPV 的流行率分别为 8.9%和 11.8%。低危 HPV 感染的年发病率为 12.5%，持续性为 2.0%。高危 HPV 的发病率和持续性分别为 12.1%和 4.5%。这些结果在 OCP 使用者和非使用者之间没有差异。当分别分析 OCP 使用者和非使用者时，发现高危 HPV 检测与采样时间之间存在显著关系。在月经周期的后半期，非使用者中高危 HPV 的检测率下降（P=.007），而 OCP 使用者中则上升（P=.021）。当女性连续使用 OCP 时，高危 HPV 的检测率又回到月经周期前半段的水平。
当分别分析 OCP 使用者和自然月经周期的女性时，高危 HPV 检测受月经周期中采样时间的影响显著。这可能对未来产生影响，当高危 HPV 检测成为宫颈癌预防的主要筛查工具时。
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