Golinowska Danuta, Florkowski Antoni, Juszczak Dariusz
10 Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny z Poliklinika w Bydgoszczy, Poradnia Zdrowia Psychicznego.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2010 May;28(167):387-94.
In everyday life there are many obstacles that prevent the creation of many important needs. They require a skillful adaptation and may be the cause of stress. Stress of considerable intensity can receive the joy of life and even lead to a temporary mental disorder.
To present the main causes and frequency of disturbance determined according to the ICD-10 as a reaction to severe stress and adaptive disorders among patients in psychiatric and psychological counseling and to establish whether the causes of the disorder are dependent on factors such as age, sex or level of education.
Analysis was done on a separate group of 754 persons from among patients seeking psychiatric counseling--Psychological Outpatient Mental Health in the 10th Military Clinical Hospital in Bydgoszcz, in 2005. This group were qualified person, who according to the criteria of ICD-10 were found to respond to severe stress and abnormal adaptation. In addition, during the interview determines whether they are long-term somatic illness. They have not been included in the study group. Also excluded persons who were found difficulties in operation prior to the stressful situation and those that have already been treated with psychiatric or psychological benefit from therapy. The collected data were statistically analyzed.
The analysis identifies three main causes of adjustment disorder. The first group of reasons is related to difficulties in the workplace, which represents 59% of all patients with the disorder described. In this group identifies three major stressful situations: bullying, job loss, unemployment. Another reason relates to family problems. They are the reason for the emergence of abnormalities in 23% of patients analyzed group. Among these difficulties was divided into four main types of situation causing disorder presented. There are family conflicts, death of spouse, parent death, divorce. The last group of factors are stressful events or incidents which contributed to the disorder in 16% of patients in the group described. In this category were observed four major groups analyzed the causes of the disorder. This is due to the difficulty of adapting to the compulsory military service, traffic accidents, participation in missions abroad, the situation of rape. Making a detailed analysis by category of difficulty is shown that in this group of subjects, age, educational level and gender are significant factors in influencing the formation of these disorders.
The main causes of this disorder are closely related to everyday human activity and especially on employment. Harassment and bad relationships in the workplace, job loss, unemployment are the factors most often causing disorder in question. The analysis made also clear that the situations of family conflict is also a frequent cause of severe reactions to stress and adjustment disorder. Not without significance is the impact of factors such as level of education, age and sex. Analysis by specific categories of causes of reactions to stress and adjustment disorder indicates that these factors significantly correlate with the formation of these disorders in the group of people.
在日常生活中，存在许多阻碍，这些阻碍会妨碍许多重要需求的产生。它们需要巧妙地适应，并且可能成为压力的根源。相当强度的压力会剥夺生活的乐趣，甚至导致暂时的精神障碍。
呈现根据国际疾病分类第十版（ICD - 10）确定的、作为对严重压力的反应以及精神科和心理咨询患者中的适应性障碍的主要病因及发生频率，并确定障碍的病因是否取决于年龄、性别或教育水平等因素。
对2005年在比得哥什第十军事临床医院寻求精神科咨询——心理健康门诊的患者中单独选取的754人进行分析。该组均为符合条件的人，根据ICD - 10标准，他们被认定为对严重压力和异常适应有反应。此外，在访谈过程中确定他们是否患有长期躯体疾病。他们未被纳入研究组。还排除了在压力情境之前就已发现有操作困难的人以及那些已经接受过精神科或心理治疗且从中受益的人。对收集到的数据进行了统计分析。
分析确定了适应障碍的三个主要病因。第一组原因与工作场所的困难有关，这占所有描述的该障碍患者的59%。在这一组中确定了三种主要的压力情境：欺凌、失业、待业。另一个原因与家庭问题有关。它们是分析组中23%患者出现异常的原因。在这些困难中，分为导致障碍的四种主要情境类型。有家庭冲突、配偶死亡、父母死亡、离婚。最后一组因素是导致该组16%患者出现障碍的压力事件或事故。在这一类别中观察到分析障碍原因的四个主要组。这是由于难以适应义务兵役、交通事故、参与国外任务、强奸情况。按困难类别进行详细分析表明，在这组受试者中，年龄、教育水平和性别是影响这些障碍形成的重要因素。
这种障碍的主要病因与日常人类活动密切相关，尤其是与就业相关。工作场所的骚扰和不良关系、失业、待业是最常导致所讨论障碍的因素。分析还表明，家庭冲突情况也是对压力和适应障碍产生严重反应的常见原因。教育水平、年龄和性别等因素的影响也不容忽视。按对压力和适应障碍反应的具体病因类别进行分析表明，这些因素与该人群中这些障碍的形成显著相关。
