Buselli R, Gonnelli Chiara, Moscatelli M, Cioni Valentina, Guglielmi G, Gattini V, Foddis R, Mignani A, Ottenga F, Cristaudo A
Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Ambulatorio di Medicina del Lavoro, Pisa.
Med Lav. 2006 Jan-Feb;97(1):5-12.
The rising awareness of psychological harassment at the workplace means that it is ever more important to collect clinical data and test tools to assess psychiatric disease connected with this phenomenon.
The aim of the study was to assess the experience gained by the centre for work maladjustment of the University Hospital of Pisa on a sample of patients, using the methods proposed by the centre at the Clinica del Lavoro "Luigi Devoto".
The patients were submitted to a diagnostic protocol consisting of work history, medical examination, psychological assessment, psychiatric examination, subjective questionnaires, mood scale and Neutest. The analysis was made in two phases in which 109 subjects were examined to check occupational stress effects in the period March 2002 - July 2004, after which 50 subjects were selected (45.9%) with the adaptation disorder and a history of adverse working conditions.
The data gathered showed a slight predominance of workers from the public administration sector. The most representative range of duration of the psychological violence varied from 6 months to 2 years (46%). From close examination of the causes of the maladjustment disorders, structural changes in organization appeared to be the most frequent (13 cases). Among patients with positive diagnosis of disorder caused by psychological violence at the workplace, three situations were prominent: attitude to being a social outcast, behaviour to ignore proposals, and professional declassing.
The multidisciplinary approach was culturally very stimulating and fundamental in reaching a final diagnosis of occupational disease: diagnosis of bullying at work and related disease was possible only thanks to the fact that three specialists agreed on the aetiological role of psychological harassment at the workplace. Our experience confirms that psychological harassment can cause health impairment and the most common diagnosis is maladjustment disorder.
职场中对心理骚扰的认知不断提高，这意味着收集临床数据和测试工具以评估与该现象相关的精神疾病变得越发重要。
本研究旨在使用比萨大学医院工作适应不良中心在“路易吉·德沃托”职业诊所所提议的方法，对一组患者样本评估该中心所获得的经验。
患者接受了一个诊断方案，包括工作经历、医学检查、心理评估、精神检查、主观问卷、情绪量表和中性测试。分析分两个阶段进行，在2002年3月至2004年7月期间对109名受试者进行检查以查看职业压力影响，之后选取了50名受试者（45.9%），他们患有适应障碍且有不良工作条件史。
收集到的数据显示，来自公共行政部门的工人略占多数。心理暴力持续时间最具代表性的范围是6个月至2年（46%）。通过仔细研究适应障碍的成因，组织架构变化似乎是最常见的（13例）。在 workplace 职场中因心理暴力导致障碍诊断呈阳性的患者中，三种情况较为突出：被社会排斥的态度、忽视提议的行为以及职业地位下降。
多学科方法在文化上极具启发性，对于最终诊断职业病至关重要：只有三位专家就职场心理骚扰的病因学作用达成一致，才有可能诊断工作场所欺凌及相关疾病。我们的经验证实，心理骚扰会导致健康损害，最常见的诊断是适应障碍。
