Directorate of Wheat Research, Agrasen Road, Karnal 132001, India.
Mol Plant Pathol. 2002 Jul 1;3(4):185-95. doi: 10.1046/j.1364-3703.2002.00120.x.
Summary Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph Cochliobolus sativus) is the causal agent of common root rot, leaf spot disease, seedling blight, head blight, and black point of wheat and barley. The fungus is one of the most serious foliar disease constraints for both crops in warmer growing areas and causes significant yield losses. High temperature and high relative humidity favour the outbreak of the disease, in particular in South Asia's intensive 'irrigated wheat-rice' production systems. In this article, we review the taxonomy and worldwide distribution, as well as strategies to counteract the disease as an emerging threat to cereal production systems. We also review the current understanding of the cytological and molecular aspects of the interaction of the fungus with its cereal hosts, which makes B. sorokiniana a model organism for studying plant defence responses to hemibiotrophic pathogens. The contrasting roles of cell death and H(2)O(2) generation in plant defence during biotrophic and necrotrophic fungal growth phases are discussed.
旋柄镰刀菌（同物异名：尖孢镰刀菌）是引起小麦和大麦普通根腐病、叶斑病、幼苗枯萎病、穗腐病和黑斑病的病原菌。该真菌是在温暖生长地区对这两种作物最严重的叶部病害之一，可导致严重的产量损失。高温和高相对湿度有利于病害的爆发，特别是在南亚密集的“水稻-小麦”生产系统中。在本文中，我们综述了旋柄镰刀菌的分类学和世界分布，以及作为对谷物生产系统的新兴威胁的疾病防控策略。我们还综述了目前对该真菌与谷类宿主相互作用的细胞学和分子方面的理解，这使得旋柄镰刀菌成为研究植物对半活体病原菌防御反应的模式生物。本文讨论了在活体和坏死体真菌生长阶段，细胞死亡和 H(2)O(2)生成在植物防御中的不同作用。
