Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Urol Clin North Am. 2010 May;37(2):149-58. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2010.03.015.
Antenatal sonography has markedly increased the detection of urogenital anomalies, including those conditions that lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Prenatal intervention is feasible to arrest and sometimes reverse the sequelae of bladder outlet obstruction but not necessarily renal damage. Myelomeningoceles, the most severe form of spina bifida, can be corrected in utero, with improvements in hydrocephalus seen along with a decreased incidence of ventricular shunting postnatally. Medical therapy to prevent virilization associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia has been successful, with improved ability to detect its presence prenatally now possible. As further techniques evolve to correct underlying disease processes, it becomes important to critically assess the therapies, particularly with long-term outcome data.
产前超声检查显著提高了泌尿生殖系统异常的检出率，包括那些导致严重发病率和死亡率的异常。产前干预可行以阻止和有时逆转膀胱出口梗阻的后遗症，但不一定能阻止肾脏损伤。脊膜膨出是最严重的神经管缺陷类型，可以在子宫内进行矫正，同时脑积水也得到改善，且出生后脑室分流术的发生率降低。预防先天性肾上腺皮质增生相关的男性化的医学治疗已取得成功，现在可以更有效地在产前检测到其存在。随着进一步的技术发展来纠正潜在的疾病过程，对治疗方法进行严格评估变得非常重要，特别是需要长期的结果数据。
