Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3rd Floor, Wood Building, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399, USA.
Urol Clin North Am. 2010 May;37(2):167-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2010.03.003.
Hypospadias results from abnormal development of the penis that leaves the urethral meatus proximal to its normal glanular position anywhere along the penile shaft, scrotum, or perineum. A spectrum of abnormalities, including ventral curvature of the penis (chordee), a hooded incomplete prepuce, and an abortive corpora spongiosum, are commonly associated with hypospadias. Advances in understanding of the causes of hypospadias and current approaches to the correction of hypospadias to provide a cosmetically and functionally satisfactory repair are the focus of this article.
尿道下裂是由于阴茎发育异常，导致尿道外口位置异常，位于阴茎干、阴囊或会阴部近端正常龟头位置的任何部位。一系列异常，包括阴茎腹侧弯曲（下弯）、不完全覆盖龟头的包皮系带和发育不良的海绵体，常与尿道下裂有关。本文重点介绍对尿道下裂病因的认识进展和目前对尿道下裂的矫正方法，以提供美容和功能满意的修复。
