Department of Education, University of California,3200 Education Building, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Child Dev. 2010 May-Jun;81(3):737-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01431.x.
Relations between nonrelative child care (birth to 4(1/2) years) and functioning at age 15 were examined (N = 1,364). Both quality and quantity of child care were linked to adolescent functioning. Effects were similar in size as those observed at younger ages. Higher quality care predicted higher cognitive-academic achievement at age 15, with escalating positive effects at higher levels of quality. The association between quality and achievement was mediated, in part, by earlier child-care effects on achievement. High-quality early child care also predicted youth reports of less externalizing behavior. More hours of nonrelative care predicted greater risk taking and impulsivity at age 15, relations that were partially mediated by earlier child-care effects on externalizing behaviors.
本研究考察了（1364 名）儿童从出生到 4 岁半期间非亲属照料与 15 岁时的功能表现之间的关系。儿童照料的质量和数量都与青少年的功能表现有关。其影响与在更小年龄阶段观察到的影响大小相似。更高质量的照料预示着 15 岁时更高的认知-学业成就，而更高质量的照料则会产生更积极的影响。质量与成就之间的关联部分通过早期儿童照料对成就的影响而产生中介作用。高质量的早期儿童照料也预示着青少年报告的外化行为较少。非亲属照料的时间越多，15 岁时的冒险行为和冲动行为就越多，这些关系部分通过早期儿童照料对外化行为的影响而产生中介作用。
