Foley Joan E, Olino Thomas M, Weinraub Marsha
Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Dev Sci. 2025 Jan;28(1):e13594. doi: 10.1111/desc.13594.
Researchers have demonstrated the important contribution of mothers' sensitive parenting to children's developing cognition over the first 5 years of life, yet studies examining sensitivity beyond the early years, controlling for earlier effects, are limited. In this exploratory study, we examined the developmental pathways through which mothers' early and later sensitive parenting transacted with children's language, executive function, academics, and self-reliance to predict child outcomes from infancy to adolescence. To a national longitudinal dataset (n = 1364; 52% male; 80% white), we applied random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling to examine between-person and within-person associations for maternal sensitivity and child outcomes. Our findings show that over the first 15 years of life relations between maternal sensitivity and these child outcomes are best characterized by stable, trait-like associations that persist over time with limited state-like time-varying associations. Importantly, we found that maternal sensitivity at both early and later developmental stages is associated with these between-person differences. Given the nature of these associations over four developmental stages, we extend prior research by demonstrating that mothers' sensitivity is enduring because of its consistency both early and later in development.
研究人员已经证明了母亲的敏感养育方式对孩子生命最初5年认知发展的重要贡献，但考察早期之后的敏感性、同时控制早期影响的研究却很有限。在这项探索性研究中，我们考察了母亲早期和后期的敏感养育方式与孩子的语言、执行功能、学业和自立能力相互作用的发展路径，以预测孩子从婴儿期到青春期的发展结果。对于一个全国性纵向数据集（n = 1364；52%为男性；80%为白人），我们应用随机截距交叉滞后面板模型来考察母亲敏感性与孩子发展结果之间的个体间和个体内关联。我们的研究结果表明，在生命的前15年里，母亲敏感性与这些孩子发展结果之间的关系，最典型的特征是稳定的、类似特质的关联，这种关联会随着时间持续存在，而类似状态的随时间变化的关联则很有限。重要的是，我们发现母亲在早期和后期发展阶段的敏感性都与这些个体间差异有关。鉴于这四个发展阶段中这些关联的性质，我们通过证明母亲的敏感性因其在发展早期和后期的一致性而具有持久性，从而扩展了先前的研究。
