Wolffgramm J, Heyne A
FU Berlin, Institut für Neuropsychopharmakologie, West Germany.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1991 Feb;38(2):389-99. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(91)90297-f.
Relationships between social deprivation, dominance, and voluntary intake of ethanol (ETOH) and diazepam (D) were studied in male adult Wistar rats. Social behavior was registered by tetradic encounters in the open field prior to the rats' drug experiences. Social deprivation was induced by individual housing (LI) and contact caging (C). Nondeprived rats were housed in groups of four individuals (G) each. Social deprivation facilitated ETOH intake: LI rats consumed 30% more ETOH than G. Increase of deprivation by change of housing condition additionally raised ETOH consumption. ETOH experiences did not affect subsequent D choice. However, rats with a high ETOH consumption also preferred D. Individual drug disposition correlated with social dominance (in G: to social activity). Even in individual isolation dominant rats took less drugs than subordinate ones, but these rats raised their ETOH consumption when the housing conditions were changed. After nine months of voluntary ETOH intake and subsequently nine months without access to ETOH the rats showed signs of "behavioral dependence." Compared to naive animals they took twice as much ETOH and even after adulterating ETOH by quinine a high preference was perpetuated. During this state modifying social factors were no longer effective.
在成年雄性Wistar大鼠中研究了社会剥夺、优势地位与乙醇（ETOH）和地西泮（D）自愿摄入量之间的关系。在大鼠有药物体验之前，通过在旷场中的四方相遇来记录社会行为。通过个体饲养（LI）和接触饲养（C）诱导社会剥夺。未被剥夺的大鼠以每组四只个体（G）的方式饲养。社会剥夺促进了ETOH的摄入：LI组大鼠比G组大鼠多消耗30%的ETOH。通过改变饲养条件增加剥夺程度会进一步提高ETOH的消耗量。ETOH体验不影响随后对D的选择。然而，ETOH消耗量高的大鼠也更喜欢D。个体药物处置与社会优势地位相关（在G组中：与社会活动相关）。即使在个体隔离状态下，占主导地位的大鼠比从属大鼠摄入的药物更少，但当饲养条件改变时，这些大鼠会增加ETOH的消耗量。在自愿摄入ETOH九个月后，随后九个月无法获得ETOH，大鼠表现出“行为依赖”的迹象。与未接触过ETOH的动物相比，它们摄入的ETOH量是未接触动物的两倍，即使在ETOH中掺入奎宁后，它们仍然表现出很高的偏好。在这种状态下，改变社会因素不再有效。
