Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatric Medicine (Division of Substance Abuse Research and Evaluation), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Addict Biol. 1999 Oct;4(4):373-83. doi: 10.1080/13556219971353.
In this review we consider some of the acute and chronic effects of alcohol on human exercise and sport performance. The 1982 position stand of the American College of Sport Medicine on the use of alcohol in sport emphasized that there was little benefit for an athlete. Subsequent literature continues to demonstrate that there are adverse effects on performance. However, the literature is often confusing and disparate. We will attempt to explain the effects and speculate on the possible mechanisms. We divide the review into acute and chronic metabolic and physiological effects of alcohol on exercise performance, primarily in humans. We also review the epidemiological evidence of the associations between alcohol use and problem alcohol behaviors in various athletic groups. Finally, we review the limited data on the effectiveness of exercise therapy in the treatment of alcohol dependent patients. In spite of scientific evidence that alcohol use is, in general, detrimental (or of no benefit) to sport (exercise) performance, alcohol continues to be used by athletes both on a chronic basis and even immediately prior to sports participation. There is some encouraging but limited evidence that student-athlete alcohol use is decreasing and exercise can be effective as part of alcohol rehabilitation.
在这篇综述中，我们考虑了酒精对人体运动和运动表现的一些急性和慢性影响。1982 年美国运动医学学院关于酒精在运动中使用的立场声明强调，运动员几乎没有从中受益。随后的文献继续证明，酒精对运动表现有不良影响。然而，文献往往令人困惑和不一致。我们将试图解释这些影响，并推测可能的机制。我们将综述分为酒精对运动表现的急性和慢性代谢和生理影响，主要是在人类中。我们还回顾了酒精使用与各种运动群体中与问题酒精行为之间的关联的流行病学证据。最后，我们回顾了关于运动疗法治疗酒精依赖患者的有效性的有限数据。尽管有科学证据表明，酒精的使用通常对运动（运动）表现有害（或没有益处），但运动员仍在长期甚至在参加运动之前使用酒精。有一些令人鼓舞但有限的证据表明，学生运动员的酒精使用正在减少，运动可以作为酒精康复的一部分有效。
