Removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous streams using poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) hydrogels.

The adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) hydrogels was investigated. The hydrogels were prepared via free-radical solution polymerization using Irgacure 754 as a photoinitiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linking agent. Loading of acrylamide/acrylic acid moieties on the surfaces of hydrogels and the amount of cross-linking agent were varied to determine the maximum metal uptake. Polymerization kinetics was investigated by (1)H NMR. The physicochemical properties of hydrogels were investigated by nitrogen sorption measurements, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The (1)H NMR results demonstrated that the polymerization reaction was carried out almost to completion and confirmed the absence of residual monomers. Swelling results indicated that, by appropriate selection of cross-linking agent amount and monomer ratio, hydrogels can be swollen up to 70,000%. Further characterization of the hydrogels showed rapid adsorption kinetics and equilibrium Cu(II) adsorption capacities of 121 mg g(-1). Cu(II) adsorption kinetic data followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Adsorption equilibrium data were better fitted by a Langmuir isotherm. FTIR and XPS results indicated the presence of a tetradentate copper complex on the surfaces of hydrogels. The copper uptake achieved suggests the potential use of hydrogels to extract toxic metals from industrial aqueous streams.