Møller A, Seefeldt-Nielsen T, Andersen P L, Black F T
Marselisborg Hospital, Arhus, medicinsk-epidemisk afdeling.
Ugeskr Laeger. 1991 Jun 10;153(24):1710-1.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia continues to be the commonest opportunistic infection seen in AIDS patients. Early diagnosis and treatment have caused the one-year survival in AIDS-patients with PCP to increase steadily. However, PCP is still the cause of death in 25% of the AIDS-patients. Secondary prophylaxis with pentamidine-isethionate inhalations has reduced the risk of PCP relapse considerably. The risk of PCP is markedly increased at CD4-cell counts below 200 mio/l. Therefore, inhalations of pentamidine twice monthly, as a primary prophylaxis against PCP, can be recommended in HIV-positive patients with CD4-cell counts below this level.
卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎仍然是艾滋病患者中最常见的机会性感染。早期诊断和治疗使患有卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的艾滋病患者的一年生存率稳步提高。然而，卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎仍是25%艾滋病患者的死因。用吸入性乙磺酸盐喷他脒进行二级预防已大大降低了卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎复发的风险。当CD4细胞计数低于2亿/升时，卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的风险显著增加。因此，对于CD4细胞计数低于该水平的HIV阳性患者，可建议每月两次吸入喷他脒作为预防卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的一级预防措施。
