Balaan M R
W V Med J. 1990 Dec;86(12):561-5.
Pneumocystis carinii (PCP) pneumonia is the most common pulmonary infection associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Patients at risk for PCP have defects in T lymphocyte function and include cancer and transplant patients who are on immune suppressing agents and corticosteroids. In West Virginia, PCP accounted for 53 percent of pulmonary infections in 144 cases of AIDS from 1984 to May 1990. Nationally, at least 100,000 cases of PCP are projected for the early part of this decade. Patients with PCP may present with non-specific symptoms. The chest X-ray frequently shows diffuse bilateral infiltrates but may have atypical features. Definitive diagnosis should be established using sputum staining and various bronchoscopic techniques. Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and IV pentamidine are the most efficacious agents for treatment, and monthly aerosolized pentamidine is recommended for prophylaxis. Further basic science and clinical research on the biology of the P. carinii and its response to treatment strategies in HIV and non-HIV related infections is urgently needed.
卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎（PCP）是与获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）相关的最常见肺部感染。有PCP风险的患者存在T淋巴细胞功能缺陷，包括正在使用免疫抑制剂和皮质类固醇的癌症患者和移植患者。在西弗吉尼亚州，1984年至1990年5月期间，在144例艾滋病病例中，PCP占肺部感染的53%。在全国范围内，预计在本十年初期至少有10万例PCP病例。PCP患者可能表现出非特异性症状。胸部X线检查常显示双侧弥漫性浸润，但可能有非典型特征。应通过痰染色和各种支气管镜技术进行明确诊断。甲氧苄啶磺胺甲恶唑和静脉注射喷他脒是最有效的治疗药物，建议每月雾化吸入喷他脒进行预防。迫切需要对卡氏肺孢子虫的生物学及其在HIV和非HIV相关感染中对治疗策略的反应进行进一步的基础科学和临床研究。
