Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Biotechnol Adv. 2010 Sep-Oct;28(5):651-7. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.05.015. Epub 2010 May 24.
Interest in biobutanol, a sustainable vehicle fuel, is increasing due to rising oil prices and concerns of surrounding climate change and the energy crisis. However, the costs of biobutanol with conventional ABE fermentation by Clostridium are higher than the cost of butanol from today's petrochemical processes. Two major problems in the economic production of biobutanol are difficulty controlling the induction of a metabolic shift from acidogenesis to solventogenesis and limitations imposed by severe product inhibition. With developments in biotechnology, and the completion of genome sequencing of Clostridium, genetic modification is a viable method to improve the solvent yield and the butanol production ratio. The present article aims to highlight the latest research progress on overexpressing, inserting, knocking out, and knocking down genes of the key enzymes in the ABE fermentation pathway and other relative genes (such as genes coding for heat-shock proteins, operon, transcription, etc). Recombinant manipulations of these genes in Escherichiacoli and yeast have also been reported recently, although their butanol yields are lower than in Clostridium. Butanol production with solventogenic clostridia from various feedstocks is also evaluated in this review.
由于油价上涨以及对气候变化和能源危机的担忧，人们对生物丁醇（一种可持续的汽车燃料）的兴趣日益增加。然而，用传统的 ABE 发酵梭菌生产生物丁醇的成本高于从当今石化工艺生产丁醇的成本。生物丁醇经济生产的两个主要问题是难以控制从产酸到溶剂生成的代谢转变的诱导以及严重的产物抑制所施加的限制。随着生物技术的发展和梭菌基因组测序的完成，遗传修饰是一种可行的方法，可以提高溶剂产量和丁醇生产比。本文旨在强调在 ABE 发酵途径和其他相关基因（如编码热休克蛋白、操纵子、转录等的基因）的关键酶的过表达、插入、敲除和敲低基因方面的最新研究进展。最近也有报道称在大肠杆菌和酵母中对这些基因进行重组操作，尽管它们的丁醇产量低于梭菌。本文还评价了从各种原料用产溶剂梭菌生产丁醇的情况。
