Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010 Jul;134(7):1075-9. doi: 10.5858/2008-0764-RS.1.
Primary, well-differentiated neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors of the extrahepatic biliary ducts are an uncommon cause of biliary obstruction. As compared to cholangiocarcinomas, which are more commonly seen at this location, these tumors tend to behave less aggressively, and only one-third metastasize. Tumor size (>2 cm) appears to be the best predictor of aggressive behavior. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and complete resection offers prolonged disease-free survival. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is therefore important and can be made by examining brush cytology specimens obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and/or endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. It is important to keep this entity in mind, especially when examining cytologic or small biopsy specimens, so that appropriate immunohistochemical stains can be used to arrive at the correct diagnosis.
肝外胆管的原发性、高分化神经内分泌（类癌）肿瘤是胆管梗阻的一个不常见病因。与更常见于该部位的胆管癌相比，这些肿瘤的侵袭性往往较低，只有三分之一发生转移。肿瘤大小（＞2cm）似乎是侵袭性行为的最佳预测指标。手术是主要的治疗方法，完全切除可提供长期无病生存。因此，准确的术前诊断很重要，可以通过检查内镜逆行胰胆管造影和/或内镜超声引导下细针抽吸获得的刷取细胞学标本来进行。当检查细胞学或小活检标本时，应牢记这一实体，以便使用适当的免疫组织化学染色来做出正确的诊断。
