de Fiebre C M, Romm E, Collins J T, Draski L J, Deitrich R A, Collins A C
School of Pharmacy, Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0447.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1991 Mar;15(2):270-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1991.tb01868.x.
Alcoholics are almost invariably heavy users of tobacco. Both alcoholism and smoking appear to be influenced by genetic factors but it is not known whether the same or different genes regulate the abuse of ethanol and nicotine. Recent studies have demonstrated that the long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) mouse lines, which were selectively bred for differences in ethanol-induced anesthesia ("sleep-time"), also differ in several effects of nicotine and the muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine. In order to determine whether or not these differences are due to chance, the relative sensitivities of rat lines which were selectively bred for differences in ethanol-induced sleep-time were determined. The high alcohol sensitivity (HAS) rat line was more sensitive to the locomotor and body temperature depressant effects of nicotine than was the low alcohol sensitivity (LAS) rat line. The control line (CAS) was intermediate in sensitivity. The rat lines did not differ in sensitivity to oxotremorine's hypothermia-producing effects. The numbers and affinities of two classes of brain nicotinic receptors were measured in eight brain regions. No differences among the rat lines were detected. These results suggest that ethanol elicits some of its depressant actions via an effect on brain nicotinic systems, but the differences in sensitivity to ethanol and nicotine are probably not due to differences in the number of brain nicotinic receptors. Perhaps this interaction explains the high correlation between alcoholism and smoking in humans.
酗酒者几乎无一例外都是重度吸烟者。酗酒和吸烟似乎都受遗传因素影响，但尚不清楚调控乙醇和尼古丁滥用的是相同基因还是不同基因。最近的研究表明，因乙醇诱导麻醉（“睡眠时间”）的差异而经选择性培育出的长睡眠（LS）和短睡眠（SS）小鼠品系，在尼古丁和毒蕈碱激动剂氧化震颤素的几种效应方面也存在差异。为了确定这些差异是否是偶然造成的，我们测定了因乙醇诱导睡眠时间的差异而经选择性培育出的大鼠品系的相对敏感性。高酒精敏感性（HAS）大鼠品系对尼古丁的运动和体温抑制作用比低酒精敏感性（LAS）大鼠品系更敏感。对照品系（CAS）的敏感性处于中间水平。大鼠品系对氧化震颤素的体温降低作用的敏感性没有差异。我们在八个脑区测量了两类脑烟碱受体的数量和亲和力。未检测到大鼠品系之间存在差异。这些结果表明，乙醇通过对脑烟碱系统的作用引发其一些抑制作用，但对乙醇和尼古丁敏感性的差异可能并非由于脑烟碱受体数量的差异。或许这种相互作用解释了人类酗酒与吸烟之间的高度相关性。
