Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Zootecnia, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, BA, Italy.
Vet Parasitol. 2010 Sep 20;172(3-4):323-32. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.05.017. Epub 2010 May 25.
Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are highly prevalent and increasing in distribution worldwide. A longitudinal study was conducted in southern Italy to determine the incidence of and protection against CVBD-causing pathogens in dogs treated with a combination of imidacloprid 10% and permethrin 50% (ImPer). One hundred eleven autochthonous young dogs were divided into group A (n=63) and group B (n=48), both groups containing dogs positive and negative for one or more CVBD-causing pathogens. Additionally, 10 naïve male beagles were introduced in each group in May 2008. Group A was treated with ImPer on day 0 and every 21+/-2 days whereas group B was left untreated. Blood and skin samples were collected at baseline (March-April 2008) and at the first, second and third follow-up times (July and October 2008 and April 2009). Bone marrow was sampled at baseline and at the third follow-up. Serological, cytological and molecular tests were performed to detect Anaplasma platys, Babesia spp., Bartonella spp., Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Leishmania infantum. Ectoparasites (fleas, ticks, and sand flies) were monitored throughout the study. The baseline prevalence of CVBDs was 39.6% with 44 dogs positive for at least one pathogen. A. platys (27.5%) and Babesia spp. (15.6%) were the most prevalent species and co-infections with up to two pathogens were detected in 16 (14.7%) individuals. At the end of the evaluation period, there was a 90.7% reduction in overall CVBD incidence density rate (IDR) in group A, as following: 100% reduction in L. infantum; 94.6% in E. canis; 94.4% in Babesia spp.; and 81.8% in A. platys. Initially positive treated dogs showed significantly lower pathogen prevalence at the third follow-up than untreated ones. At the end of the evaluation period, 8 of the 10 untreated beagles were infected with at least one pathogen whereas one of the treated beagles was A. platys positive at a single time point (second follow-up). Overall efficacy against ticks was 97.9%. In October 2009, samples were collected from the remaining 83 dogs (44 from group A and 39 from group B) to investigate the annual incidence of CVBDs in the same, at this time untreated, dog population. A high year incidence for tick-borne diseases (78.1%) and for L. infantum (13.6%) was detected in dogs from group A, seven months after the treatment had been withdrawn. The results demonstrate that ImPer preventive treatment against arthropods protects autochthonous and naïve beagle dogs against CVBD-causing pathogens.
犬类媒介传播疾病（CVBDs）在全球范围内的分布越来越广泛，且发病率也在不断上升。本研究在意大利南部进行了一项纵向研究，旨在确定使用伊维菌素 10%和氯菊酯 50%（ImPer）联合治疗的犬只中导致 CVBD 的病原体的发病率和保护率。111 只当地的幼犬被分为 A 组（n=63）和 B 组（n=48），两组均包含一种或多种 CVBD 病原体阳性和阴性的犬。此外，在 2008 年 5 月每组中还引入了 10 只雄性贝灵顿梗作为对照。A 组在第 0 天和每 21+/-2 天使用 ImPer 治疗，而 B 组未接受治疗。在基线（2008 年 3 月至 4 月）以及第 1、第 2 和第 3 次随访时间（2008 年 7 月和 10 月以及 2009 年 4 月）采集血液和皮肤样本。在基线和第 3 次随访时采集骨髓样本。进行血清学、细胞学和分子检测以检测犬无形体、巴贝斯虫、巴尔通体、犬心丝虫、犬埃立克体、犬肝孢子虫和犬利什曼原虫。整个研究过程中监测了外寄生虫（跳蚤、蜱虫和沙蝇）。CVBD 的基线患病率为 39.6%，有 44 只犬至少对一种病原体呈阳性。无形体（27.5%）和巴贝斯虫（15.6%）是最常见的物种，在 16 只（14.7%）个体中检测到了两种病原体的合并感染。在评估期末，A 组的 CVBD 总发病率密度（IDR）降低了 90.7%，具体如下：利什曼原虫的减少率为 100%；犬埃立克体的减少率为 94.6%；巴贝斯虫的减少率为 94.4%；无形体的减少率为 81.8%。最初阳性治疗犬在第 3 次随访时的病原体患病率明显低于未治疗犬。在评估期末，10 只未治疗的贝灵顿梗中有 8 只至少感染了一种病原体，而 1 只接受治疗的贝灵顿梗在单个时间点（第二次随访）呈无形体阳性。对蜱的总体有效率为 97.9%。2009 年 10 月，从其余 83 只犬（A 组 44 只，B 组 39 只）中采集样本，以调查同一未经治疗的犬群在这一年中 CVBD 的发病率。在停止治疗七个月后，A 组犬的蜱传疾病（78.1%）和利什曼原虫（13.6%）的年发病率较高。结果表明，ImPer 对节肢动物的预防性治疗可保护当地和未接触过的贝灵顿梗免受导致 CVBD 的病原体的侵害。
