Holler Peter J, Brazda Verena, Dal-Bianco Barbara, Lewy Elisabeth, Mueller Marion C, Peham Christian, Bockstahler Barbara A
Project Group Dog, Movement Science Group Vienna, Clinical Department of Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
Am J Vet Res. 2010 Jul;71(7):734-40. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.71.7.734.
To assess forelimbs and hind limb joint kinematics in dogs during walking on an inclined slope (uphill), on a declined slope (downhill), or over low obstacles (cavaletti) on a horizontal surface and compare findings with data acquired during unimpeded walking on a horizontal surface.
8 nonlame dogs (mean +/- SD age, 3.4 +/- 2.0 years; weight, 23.6 +/- 4.6 kg).
By use of 10 high-speed cameras and 10 reflecting markers located on the left forelimbs and hind limbs, joint kinematics were recorded for each dog during uphill walking, downhill walking, and walking over low obstacles or unimpeded on a horizontal surface. Each exercise was recorded 6 times (10 s/cycle); joint angulations, angle velocities and accelerations, and range of motion for shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joints were calculated for comparison.
Compared with unimpeded walking, obstacle exercise significantly increased flexion of the elbow, carpal, stifle, and tarsal joints and extension in the carpal and stifle joints. Only uphill walking caused increased hip joint flexion and decreased stifle joint flexion; downhill walking caused less flexion of the hip joint. During obstacle exercise, forward angle velocities in the elbow and stifle joints and retrograde velocity in the tarsal joint changed significantly, compared with unimpeded walking. Joint angle acceleration of the elbow joint changed significantly during all 3 evaluated exercises.
These evidence-based data indicated that each evaluated exercise, except for downhill walking, has a specific therapeutic value in physical therapy for dogs.
评估犬在斜坡上（上坡）、下坡斜坡上行走或在水平面上越过低障碍物（跳栏）时前肢和后肢关节的运动学，并将结果与在水平面上无障碍行走时获取的数据进行比较。
8只非跛行犬（平均±标准差年龄，3.4±2.0岁；体重，23.6±4.6千克）。
使用10台高速摄像机和位于左前肢和后肢上的10个反光标记，记录每只犬在上坡行走、下坡行走、越过低障碍物或在水平面上无障碍行走时的关节运动学。每个练习记录6次（10秒/周期）；计算肩、肘、腕、髋、 stifle（膝关节）和跗关节的关节角度、角速度和加速度以及运动范围以进行比较。
与无障碍行走相比，障碍物练习显著增加了肘、腕、膝关节和跗关节的屈曲以及腕关节和膝关节伸展。只有上坡行走导致髋关节屈曲增加和膝关节屈曲减少；下坡行走导致髋关节屈曲减少。在障碍物练习期间，与无障碍行走相比，肘关节和膝关节的前向角速度以及跗关节的逆行速度发生了显著变化。在所有3项评估练习中，肘关节的关节角加速度均发生了显著变化。
这些循证数据表明，除下坡行走外，每项评估练习在犬物理治疗中均具有特定的治疗价值。
