Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Jul;2(7):a001131. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a001131. Epub 2010 May 5.
The origin of the p53 superfamily predates animal evolution and first appears in unicellular Flagellates. Invertebrate p53 superfamily members appear to have a p63-like domain structure, which seems to be evolutionarily ancient. The radiation into p53, p63, and p73 proteins is a vertebrate invention. In invertebrate models amenable to genetic analysis p53 superfamily members mainly act in apoptosis regulation in response to genotoxic agents and do not have overt developmental functions. We summarize the literature on cnidarian and mollusc p53 superfamily members and focus on the function and regulation of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans p53 superfamily members in triggering apoptosis. Furthermore, we examine the emerging evidence showing that invertebrate p53 superfamily proteins also have functions unrelated to apoptosis, such as DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoint responses, compensatory proliferation, aging, autophagy, and innate immunity.
p53 超家族的起源早于动物进化，最早出现在单细胞鞭毛生物中。无脊椎动物 p53 超家族成员似乎具有 p63 样的结构域结构，这似乎是古老的进化特征。p53、p63 和 p73 蛋白的辐射是脊椎动物的发明。在可进行遗传分析的无脊椎动物模型中，p53 超家族成员主要在响应遗传毒性物质的细胞凋亡调节中发挥作用，而没有明显的发育功能。我们总结了有关刺胞动物和软体动物 p53 超家族成员的文献，并重点介绍了果蝇和秀丽隐杆线虫 p53 超家族成员在触发细胞凋亡方面的功能和调节。此外，我们还研究了新出现的证据，表明无脊椎动物 p53 超家族蛋白也具有与细胞凋亡无关的功能，例如 DNA 修复、细胞周期检查点反应、代偿性增殖、衰老、自噬和先天免疫。
